一个sample学会使用epoll

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define MAX_EVENT_NUMBER 1024
#define TCP_BUFFER_SIZE 512
#define UDP_BUFFER_SIZE 1024

/*设置文件描述符为非阻塞*/
int setnonblocking(int fd) 
{
    int old_option = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);//获取文件描述符状态标志
    int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, new_option);//设置文件描述符状态标志
    return old_option;
}

/*向epoll内核事件表中注册文件描述符事件*/
void epoll_addfd(int epollfd, int fd) 
{
    struct epoll_event event;
    event.data.fd = fd;//epoll_event的data字段是一个union，最常用的就是用它保存事件所属的文件描述符
    event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;//注册可读事件和设置epoll工作在边沿触发模式
    epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &event);
    setnonblocking(fd);//凡是使用I/O复用技术监听的文件描述符都要非阻塞的
}

/*用ip地址和端口号创建socket地址*/
void create_sockaddr_in(const char* ip, int port, struct sockaddr_in* address)
{
    bzero(address, sizeof(*address));
    address->sin_family = AF_INET;
    inet_pton(AF_INET, ip, &(address->sin_addr));
    address->sin_port = htons(port);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) 
{
    if (argc <= 2) 
    {
        printf("argv[1]:ip address, argv[2]:port\n");
        return 1;
    }

    const char* ip = argv[1];
    int port = atoi(argv[2]);

    int ret = 0;

    struct sockaddr_in address;
    /*创建TCP socket，并将其绑定到端口port上*/

    int listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    assert(listenfd >= 0);
    create_sockaddr_in(ip, port, &address);
    ret = bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, sizeof(address));
    assert(ret != -1);
    ret = listen(listenfd, 5);
    assert(ret != -1);


    /*创建UDP socket，并将其绑定到端口port上*/
    int udpfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    assert(udpfd >= 0);
    create_sockaddr_in(ip, port, &address);
    ret = bind(udpfd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, sizeof(address));
    assert(ret != -1);
    //udp不需要listen
    
    struct epoll_event events[MAX_EVENT_NUMBER];
    int epollfd = epoll_create(5);
    assert(epollfd != -1);
    /*注册TCP socket和UDP socket上的可读事件*/
    epoll_addfd(epollfd, listenfd);
    epoll_addfd(epollfd, udpfd);

    while (1)
    {
        /*
         * 系统会修改events数组，使其前number个元素是有效事件
         * MAX_EVENT_NUMBER仅仅是用来指示数组events的大小
         * time = -1表示无限阻塞，否则等待time毫秒
        */
        int number = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENT_NUMBER, -1);
        if (number < 0) 
        {
            printf("epoll failure\n");
            break;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < number; ++i) 
        {
            int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;//事件对应的fd
            if (sockfd == listenfd) 
            {
                //触发的事件是tcp连接，为此accept之获取连接fd，并加入到内核事件表
                struct sockaddr_in client_address;
                socklen_t client_addr_len = sizeof(client_address);
                int connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_address, &client_addr_len);
                epoll_addfd(epollfd, connfd);
            }
            else if (sockfd == udpfd) 
            {
                char buf[UDP_BUFFER_SIZE];
                memset(buf, '\0', UDP_BUFFER_SIZE);
                struct sockaddr_in client_address;
                socklen_t client_addr_len = sizeof(client_address);
                ret = recvfrom(udpfd, buf, UDP_BUFFER_SIZE - 1, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&client_address, &client_addr_len);
                if (ret > 0) 
                {
                    sendto(udpfd, buf, UDP_BUFFER_SIZE - 1, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&client_address, client_addr_len);
                }
            }
            else if (events[i].events & EPOLLIN)//tcp连接fd有可读事件
            {
                char buf[TCP_BUFFER_SIZE];
                //epoll工作在ET模式，因此使用循环读完缓冲区的所有内容，否则下次不再触发
                while (1)
                {
                    memset(buf, '\0', TCP_BUFFER_SIZE);
                    ret = recv(sockfd, buf, TCP_BUFFER_SIZE - 1, 0);
                    if (ret < 0) //缓冲区数据读完
                    {
                        if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK)
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    else if (ret == 0) //对方关闭连接（收到RST报文）
                    {
                        close(sockfd);
                    }
                    else //成功读到数据
                    {
                        send(sockfd, buf, ret, 0);
                    }
                }
            }
            else 
            {
                printf("something else happened\n");
            }
        }
    }
    close(listenfd);
    return 0;
}