如果每次加载同一张图片都要从网络获取，那代价实在太大了。所以同一张图片只要从网络获取一次就够了，然后在本地缓存起来，之后加载同一张图片时就从缓存中加载就可以了。从内存缓存读取图片是最快的，但是因为内存容量有限，所以最好再加上文件缓存。文件缓存空间也不是无限大的，容量越大读取效率越低，因此可以设置一个限定大小比如10M，或者限定保存时间比如一天。
因此，加载图片的流程应该是：
1、先从内存缓存中获取，取到则返回，取不到则进行下一步；
2、从文件缓存中获取，取到则返回并更新到内存缓存，取不到则进行下一步；
3、从网络下载图片，并更新到内存缓存和文件缓存。
接下来看内存缓存类：ImageMemoryCache
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public
class
ImageMemoryCache {
/**
* 从内存读取数据速度是最快的，为了更大限度使用内存，这里使用了两层缓存。
* 硬引用缓存不会轻易被回收，用来保存常用数据，不常用的转入软引用缓存。
*/
private
static
final
int
SOFT_CACHE_SIZE =
15
;
//软引用缓存容量
private
static
LruCache<String, Bitmap> mLruCache;
//硬引用缓存
private
static
LinkedHashMap<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>> mSoftCache;
//软引用缓存
public
ImageMemoryCache(Context context) {
int
memClass = ((ActivityManager)context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE)).getMemoryClass();
int
cacheSize =
1024
*
1024
* memClass /
4
;
//硬引用缓存容量，为系统可用内存的1/4
mLruCache =
new
LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) {
@Override
protected
int
sizeOf(String key, Bitmap value) {
if
(value !=
null
)
return
value.getRowBytes() * value.getHeight();
else
return
0
;
}
@Override
protected
void
entryRemoved(
boolean
evicted, String key, Bitmap oldValue, Bitmap newValue) {
if
(oldValue !=
null
)
// 硬引用缓存容量满的时候，会根据LRU算法把最近没有被使用的图片转入此软引用缓存
mSoftCache.put(key,
new
SoftReference<Bitmap>(oldValue));
}
};
mSoftCache =
new
LinkedHashMap<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>>(SOFT_CACHE_SIZE,
0
.75f,
true
) {
private
static
final
long
serialVersionUID = 6040103833179403725L;
@Override
protected
boolean
removeEldestEntry(Entry<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>> eldest) {
if
(size() > SOFT_CACHE_SIZE){
return
true
;
}
return
false
;
}
};
}
/**
* 从缓存中获取图片
*/
public
Bitmap getBitmapFromCache(String url) {
Bitmap bitmap;
//先从硬引用缓存中获取
synchronized
(mLruCache) {
bitmap = mLruCache.get(url);
if
(bitmap !=
null
) {
//如果找到的话，把元素移到LinkedHashMap的最前面，从而保证在LRU算法中是最后被删除
mLruCache.remove(url);
mLruCache.put(url, bitmap);
return
bitmap;
}
}
//如果硬引用缓存中找不到，到软引用缓存中找
synchronized
(mSoftCache) {
SoftReference<Bitmap> bitmapReference = mSoftCache.get(url);
if
(bitmapReference !=
null
) {
bitmap = bitmapReference.get();
if
(bitmap !=
null
) {
//将图片移回硬缓存
mLruCache.put(url, bitmap);
mSoftCache.remove(url);
return
bitmap;
}
else
{
mSoftCache.remove(url);
}
}
}
return
null
;
}
/**
* 添加图片到缓存
*/
public
void
addBitmapToCache(String url, Bitmap bitmap) {
if
(bitmap !=
null
) {
synchronized
(mLruCache) {
mLruCache.put(url, bitmap);
}
}
}
public
void
clearCache() {
mSoftCache.clear();
}
}
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文件缓存类：ImageFileCache
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public
class
ImageFileCache {
private
static
final
String CACHDIR =
"ImgCach"
;
private
static
final
String WHOLESALE_CONV =
".cach"
;
private
static
final
int
MB =
1024
*
1024
;
private
static
final
int
CACHE_SIZE =
10
;
private
static
final
int
FREE_SD_SPACE_NEEDED_TO_CACHE =
10
;
public
ImageFileCache() {
//清理文件缓存
removeCache(getDirectory());
}
/** 从缓存中获取图片 **/
public
Bitmap getImage(
final
String url) {
final
String path = getDirectory() +
"/"
+ convertUrlToFileName(url);
File file =
new
File(path);
if
(file.exists()) {
Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path);
if
(bmp ==
null
) {
file.delete();
}
else
{
updateFileTime(path);
return
bmp;
}
}
return
null
;
}
/** 将图片存入文件缓存 **/
public
void
saveBitmap(Bitmap bm, String url) {
if
(bm ==
null
) {
return
;
}
//判断sdcard上的空间
if
(FREE_SD_SPACE_NEEDED_TO_CACHE > freeSpaceOnSd()) {
//SD空间不足
return
;
}
String filename = convertUrlToFileName(url);
String dir = getDirectory();
File dirFile =
new
File(dir);
if
(!dirFile.exists())
dirFile.mkdirs();
File file =
new
File(dir +
"/"
+ filename);
try
{
file.createNewFile();
OutputStream outStream =
new
FileOutputStream(file);
bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG,
100
, outStream);
outStream.flush();
outStream.close();
}
catch
(FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.w(
"ImageFileCache"
,
"FileNotFoundException"
);
}
catch
(IOException e) {
Log.w(
"ImageFileCache"
,
"IOException"
);
}
}
/**
* 计算存储目录下的文件大小，
* 当文件总大小大于规定的CACHE_SIZE或者sdcard剩余空间小于FREE_SD_SPACE_NEEDED_TO_CACHE的规定
* 那么删除40%最近没有被使用的文件
*/
private
boolean
removeCache(String dirPath) {
File dir =
new
File(dirPath);
File[] files = dir.listFiles();
if
(files ==
null
) {
return
true
;
}
if
(!android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
return
false
;
}
int
dirSize =
0
;
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < files.length; i++) {
if
(files[i].getName().contains(WHOLESALE_CONV)) {
dirSize += files[i].length();
}
}
if
(dirSize > CACHE_SIZE * MB || FREE_SD_SPACE_NEEDED_TO_CACHE > freeSpaceOnSd()) {
int
removeFactor = (
int
) ((
0.4
* files.length) +
1
);
Arrays.sort(files,
new
FileLastModifSort());
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < removeFactor; i++) {
if
(files[i].getName().contains(WHOLESALE_CONV)) {
files[i].delete();
}
}
}
if
(freeSpaceOnSd() <= CACHE_SIZE) {
return
false
;
}
return
true
;
}
/** 修改文件的最后修改时间 **/
public
void
updateFileTime(String path) {
File file =
new
File(path);
long
newModifiedTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
file.setLastModified(newModifiedTime);
}
/** 计算sdcard上的剩余空间 **/
private
int
freeSpaceOnSd() {
StatFs stat =
new
StatFs(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath());
double
sdFreeMB = ((
double
)stat.getAvailableBlocks() * (
double
) stat.getBlockSize()) / MB;
return
(
int
) sdFreeMB;
}
/** 将url转成文件名 **/
private
String convertUrlToFileName(String url) {
String[] strs = url.split(
"/"
);
return
strs[strs.length -
1
] + WHOLESALE_CONV;
}
/** 获得缓存目录 **/
private
String getDirectory() {
String dir = getSDPath() +
"/"
+ CACHDIR;
return
dir;
}
/** 取SD卡路径 **/
private
String getSDPath() {
File sdDir =
null
;
boolean
sdCardExist = Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
//判断sd卡是否存在
if
(sdCardExist) {
sdDir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
//获取根目录
}
if
(sdDir !=
null
) {
return
sdDir.toString();
}
else
{
return
""
;
}
}
/**
* 根据文件的最后修改时间进行排序
*/
private
class
FileLastModifSort
implements
Comparator<File> {
public
int
compare(File arg0, File arg1) {
if
(arg0.lastModified() > arg1.lastModified()) {
return
1
;
}
else
if
(arg0.lastModified() == arg1.lastModified()) {
return
0
;
}
else
{
return
-
1
;
}
}
}
}
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从网络获取图片：
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public
class
ImageGetFromHttp {
private
static
final
String LOG_TAG =
"ImageGetFromHttp"
;
public
static
Bitmap downloadBitmap(String url) {
final
HttpClient client =
new
DefaultHttpClient();
final
HttpGet getRequest =
new
HttpGet(url);
try
{
HttpResponse response = client.execute(getRequest);
final
int
statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if
(statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
Log.w(LOG_TAG,
"Error "
+ statusCode +
" while retrieving bitmap from "
+ url);
return
null
;
}
final
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if
(entity !=
null
) {
InputStream inputStream =
null
;
try
{
inputStream = entity.getContent();
FilterInputStream fit =
new
FlushedInputStream(inputStream);
return
BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fit);
}
finally
{
if
(inputStream !=
null
) {
inputStream.close();
inputStream =
null
;
}
entity.consumeContent();
}
}
}
catch
(IOException e) {
getRequest.abort();
Log.w(LOG_TAG,
"I/O error while retrieving bitmap from "
+ url, e);
}
catch
(IllegalStateException e) {
getRequest.abort();
Log.w(LOG_TAG,
"Incorrect URL: "
+ url);
}
catch
(Exception e) {
getRequest.abort();
Log.w(LOG_TAG,
"Error while retrieving bitmap from "
+ url, e);
}
finally
{
client.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
return
null
;
}
/*
* An InputStream that skips the exact number of bytes provided, unless it reaches EOF.
*/
static
class
FlushedInputStream
extends
FilterInputStream {
public
FlushedInputStream(InputStream inputStream) {
super
(inputStream);
}
@Override
public
long
skip(
long
n)
throws
IOException {
long
totalBytesSkipped = 0L;
while
(totalBytesSkipped < n) {
long
bytesSkipped = in.skip(n - totalBytesSkipped);
if
(bytesSkipped == 0L) {
int
b = read();
if
(b <
0
) {
break
;
// we reached EOF
}
else
{
bytesSkipped =
1
;
// we read one byte
}
}
totalBytesSkipped += bytesSkipped;
}
return
totalBytesSkipped;
}
}
}
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最后，获取一张图片的流程就如下代码所示：
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/*** 获得一张图片,从三个地方获取,首先是内存缓存,然后是文件缓存,最后从网络获取 ***/
public
Bitmap getBitmap(String url) {
// 从内存缓存中获取图片
Bitmap result = memoryCache.getBitmapFromCache(url);
if
(result ==
null
) {
// 文件缓存中获取
result = fileCache.getImage(url);
if
(result ==
null
) {
// 从网络获取
result = ImageGetFromHttp.downloadBitmap(url);
if
(result !=
null
) {
fileCache.saveBitmap(result, url);
memoryCache.addBitmapToCache(url, result);
}
}
else
{
// 添加到内存缓存
memoryCache.addBitmapToCache(url, result);
}
}
return
result;
}
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