python数据类型之字典

字典的特点：
1.用大括号表示 {}
2.是键值对 key:value的形式存在 如：{key:value}
3.可以修改，无序

总结字典的方法(dict)：

********def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__************重要
        --清空字典的内容

    """ D.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from D. """
    pass

def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        --复制一个字典，浅拷贝

    """ D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """
    pass

@staticmethod # known case
def fromkeys(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
      --?????
    """ Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value. """
    pass

***def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__***********重要
          --通过get(key)拿到对应的value


    """ D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d.  d defaults to None. """
    pass

***def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__***********重要
         --需要for ..in 循环遍历字典的时候必须用items,如：
                di = {'name':'test',age=20}
                for key,value in di.items():
                        print(key,':',value)
                                  ----输出：name:test
                                            age:20
                          
    """ D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """
    pass

*****def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__************重要
               --获取字典中key的值，如：
                        v = {'name':'jack','age':10}
                        s = v.keys()
                        print(s)  输出：dict_keys(['name', 'age'])
           
    """ D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """
    pass

def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
                 --根据key删除字典中某个键值对

    """
    D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
    If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
    """
    pass

def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              --默认随机删除字典中一个键值对

    """
    D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
    2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
    """
    pass

def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
               --同get，根据key取value，这个方法基本不用。

    """ D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """
    pass

****def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update**********重要
               --默认在原字典中增加一个字典的值
                    v = {'name':'jack','age':10,'adr':4}
                    v1 = {'test':6}
                    v.update(v1)
                    print(v) 输出：{'name': 'jack', 'age': 10, 'adr': 4, 'test': 6}

    """
    D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
    If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does:  for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
    If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does:  for k, v in E: D[k] = v
    In either case, this is followed by: for k in F:  D[k] = F[k]
    """
    pass

*****def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__*************重要
               --获取字典中values的值

    """ D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values """
    pass