Huffman Code

#include<iostream.h>//该程序实验哈夫曼树的建立、编码、译码三个基本功能
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<fstream.h>
typedef struct{         //结构体
	char ch;              //字符
	int weight;              //权值
	int parent,lchild,rchild;
}htnode,*hfmtree;
typedef char **hfmcode;

void Select(hfmtree &HT,int a,int *p1,int *p2) //选出HT树到a为止，权值最小且parent为0的2个节点
{
	int i,j,x,y;
	for(j=1;j<=a;++j){
		if(HT[j].parent==0){
			x=j;
			break;
		}
	}
	for(i=j+1;i<=a;++i){
		if(HT[i].weight<HT[x].weight&&HT[i].parent==0){
			x=i;                  //选出最小的节点
		}
	}
	for(j=1;j<=a;++j)	{
		if(HT[j].parent==0&&x!=j)
		{
			y=j;
			break;
		}
	}
	for(i=j+1;i<=a;++i)
	{
		if(HT[i].weight<HT[y].weight&&HT[i].parent==0&&x!=i)
		{
			y=i;                  //选出次小的节点
		}
	}
	if(x>y){
		*p1=y;
		*p2=x;
	}
	else
	{
		*p1=x;
		*p2=y;
	}
}
void hfmcoding(hfmtree &HT,hfmcode &HC,int n) //构建哈夫曼树HT，并求出n个字符的赫夫曼编码HC
{
	int i,start,c,f,m,w;
	int p1,p2;
	char *cd,z;
	if(n<=1){
		return;
	}
	m=2*n-1;
	HT=(hfmtree)malloc((m+1)*sizeof(htnode));
	for(i=1;i<=n;++i)            //初始化n个叶子结点
	{
	    cout<<"请输入第"<<i<<"字符信息和权值：";
		cin>>z>>w;
		HT[i].ch=z;
		HT[i].weight=w;
		HT[i].parent=0;
		HT[i].lchild=0;
		HT[i].rchild=0;
	}

	for(;i<=m;++i)        //初始化其余的结点
	{
		HT[i].ch='0';
		HT[i].weight=0;
		HT[i].parent=0;
		HT[i].lchild=0;
		HT[i].rchild=0;
	}
	for(i=n+1;i<=m;++i)        //建立哈夫曼树
	{
		Select(HT,i-1,&p1,&p2);
		HT[p1].parent=i;
		HT[p2].parent=i;
		HT[i].lchild=p1;
		HT[i].rchild=p2;
		HT[i].weight=HT[p1].weight+HT[p2].weight;
	}

	HC=(hfmcode)malloc((n+1)*sizeof(char *));
	cd=(char *)malloc(n*sizeof(char));
	cd[n-1]='\0';

	for(i=1;i<=n;++i)              //给n个字符编码
	{
		start=n-1;
		for(c=i,f=HT[i].parent;f!=0;c=f,f=HT[f].parent)
		{
			if(HT[f].lchild==c)
			{
				cd[--start]='0';
			}
			else
			{
				cd[--start]='1';
			}
		}
		
		HC[i]=(char*)malloc((n-start)*sizeof(char));
		strcpy(HC[i],&cd[start]);
	}
	free(cd);
}


int main()
{
	char code[100],h[100],hl[100];
	int n,i,j,k,l;
	ifstream input;    //文件输入输出流
	ofstream output;
	char str[100];
	int choice=0;          //choice作为输入输出选项
	hfmtree HT;
	hfmcode HC;
	while(choice!=4)                
	{
		cout<<"       "<<"*************************哈夫曼编码/译码器*************************\n";
	    cout<<"       "<<"1.Initialization"<<"        "<<"2.Encoding"<<"        "<<"3.Decoding"<<"        "<<"4.Exit\n";
	    cout<<"请输入您的选项(*表示空格)：";
		cin>>choice;
	    if(choice==1)              //初始化
		{
			cout<<"请输入字符个数：";
			cin>>n;
			hfmcoding(HT,HC,n);
			for(i=1;i<=n;++i)
			{
				cout<<HT[i].ch<<":"<<HC[i]<<endl;
			}
			output.open("hfmTree.txt");
			if(!output){
				cout<<"can't oen file!"<<endl;
				return 1;
			}
			for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
			{
				output<<HT[i].ch<<" "<<HC[i]<<endl;
			}
			output.close();
			cout<<"哈夫曼树已经创建完毕，并且已经放入hfmTree.txt文件中!"<<endl;
		}
	    else if(choice==2)           //进行编码，并将字符放入ToBeTran.txt，码值放入CodeFile.txt中
		{
		    cout<<"请输入字符：";
			gets(str);
			output.open("ToBeTran.txt");
			if(!output)
			{
				cout<<"can't open file!"<<endl;
				return 1;
			}
			output<<str<<endl;
			output.close();
			output.open("CodeFile.txt");
			if(!output){
				cout<<"can't open file!"<<endl;
				return 1;
			}
			for(i=0;i<strlen(str);i++){
				for(j=0;j<=n;++j)
				{
					if(HT[j].ch==str[i])
					{
						output<<HC[j];
						break;
					}
				}
			}
			output.close();
			cout<<"\n";
			cout<<"编码完毕，并且已经存入CodeFile.txt文件！\n";
			input.open("CodeFile.txt");         //从CodeFile.txt中读入编码，输出在终端
			if(!input)
			{
				cout<<"can't oen file!"<<endl;
				return 1;
			}
			input>>code;
			cout<<"编码码值为："<<code<<endl;
			input.close();
		}
	    else if(choice==3)     //读入CodeFile.txt中的编码进行译码，将译出来的字符放入Textfile.txt中
		{
			input.open("CodeFile.txt");
			if(!input){
				cout<<"can't open file!"<<endl;
				return 1;
			}
			input>>h;
			input.close();
			output.open("Textfile.txt");
			if(!output)
			{
				cout<<"can't open file!"<<endl;
				return 1;
			}
			k=0;
			while(h[k]!='\0')           //先用编码中的前几个和字符的编码相比较，然后往后移
			{
				for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
					l=k;
					for(j=0;j<strlen(HC[i]);j++,l++){
						hl[j]=h[l];
					}
					hl[j]='\0';
					if(strcmp(HC[i],hl)==0)
					{
						output<<HT[i].ch;
						k=k+strlen(HC[i]);
						break;
					}
				}
			}
			output.close();
			input.open("Textfile.txt");
			if(!input){
				cout<<"can't open file!"<<endl;
				return 1;
			}
			input>>h; 
			cout<<h<<endl;
			input.close();
			cout<<"译码结束，字符已经存入Textfile.txt文件中！"<<endl;
		}
	    else if(choice==4)            //退出
		{ 
			exit(0);
		}
	    else               //不存在该选项则重新选择
		{
			cout<<"输入有误，请重新输入！"<<endl;
		}
		cout<<endl;
	}
	return 0;
}