ASP与验证码的关系

如今你要申请一个QQ号,需要输入很复杂的验证码:验证码由若干个汉字组成,还加上了花里胡哨的背景,使得有些汉字实在难以辨认。腾讯这么做,是为了防止有人利用软件批量获取QQ号码----每次提交都要输入随机生成的验证码,这是软件难以做到的。

    最初的验证码,只是几个随机生成的数字。但是道高一尺魔高一丈,很快就有能识别数字的软件了,“收藏家”们利用这种软件批量获取帐号,或是探测密码,因为软件可以不知疲倦地不断submit。于是,出现了图片形式的验证码,还要加上无规则的背景,既然人眼都难以分辨,想来软件分辨起来就有一定的难度。但是腾讯开始采用汉字图片做验证码,是不是意味着破解验证码的技术又有了新进展,带背景的数字或字母图片形式的验证码,也可以被软件分辨了?

    且不管那么多,我们来谈谈ASP生成验证码的办法吧。

    还是从最简单的例子说起,来了解一下验证码的基本思路。

    第一个例子,在显示表单的同时,生成一个4位的随机数做为验证码,利用session传递该验证码,在数据处理页面,比对用户输入的验证码与session中的值是否一致。顺便说一句,我曾见过有糊涂的仁兄利用hidden类型的input控件传递验证码,孰不知,通过查看页面源代码,该数据是暴露无遗的。还有password型的input中的数据也一样。

<%
‘**********************************
‘* NAME:post.asp                                                                       *
‘* CODE:netops(www.netop.cc)                                                           *
‘*  USE:验证码示例一:数字型                                                           *
‘* TIME:2005.7                                                                         *
‘**********************************
Response.Buffer = true
Dim CheckCode

Response.Write "<html><body>"
‘======***表单提交后:***======
if Request.ServerVariables("REQUEST_METHOD")="POST" then
   Dim founderr,callform,msg
   founderr = false    ‘是否有错误发生
   callform = false    ‘是否调用表单
   msg = ""            ‘提示信息

   ‘==============验证码验证开始===========
   dim sessionCode
   sessionCode = session("chkCode")
   session("chkCode") = ""
   CheckCode = trim(Request.Form("chkcode"))
   if CheckCode = "" then
      msg = msg + "<li>请填写验证码"
      founderr = true
      callform = true
   elseif cstr(CheckCode) <> cstr(sessionCode) then   
      msg = msg + "<li>验证码不正确"
      founderr = true
      callform = true
   end if
   ‘==================验证码验证结束============

   if founderr = true then
      call message("500")
      if callform = true then call myform()
   else     
         msg = "<li>操作成功!"
         call message("500")
   end if
 
‘======***页面初始化(表单提交前)***======
else
   CheckCode = ""
   call myform()
end if

Response.Write "</body></html>"

REM 子过程,定义表单
Sub myform()
   Response.Write "<table width=500 border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 align=center>"&_
                  "<form name=form1 method=post action=post.asp>"&_
                  "<tr height=30><td rowspan=2 width=100 align=center>验证码</td>"&_
                  "<td><input type=text name=chkcode size=10>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"&_
                  getChkCode()&"</td></tr>"&_
                  "<tr height=30><td>请填写文本框右侧的验证码</td></tr>"&_
                  "<tr height=30><td colspan=2 align=center>"&_
                  "<input type=submit name=Submit value=提交></td></tr>"&_
                  "</form></table>"
end Sub

Rem 子函数,生成验证码(四位随机数)
function getChkCode()
   dim ranNum
   randomize
   ranNum=int(9000*rnd)+1000
   session("chkCode") = ranNum
   getChkCode = ranNum
end function

Rem 提示信息
sub message(w)
   Response.Write "<table width="&w&" border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 align=center>"&_
                  "<tr height=30><td>提示信息</td></tr>"&_
                  "<tr valign=top><td style=""color:red;"">"&msg&"</td></tr></table>"
end sub
%>

    以上代码展示生成验证码的一般思路,生成一个四位随机数作为验证码,这是最简单,同时也是最不安全的一种方法。
    或许你想到了,可以以每位数字对应一张图片,生成图片型的验证码,就象图片型计数器那样处理。这并不是一个好想法,它跟数值型的验证码没有本质上的区别,并不能提高安全性。
    下面,介绍如何生成图片型的验证码。
    首先,可以通过ASP生成xbm型的验证码,这的的确确是一张xbm格式的图片,而且,你可以任意设置图片的大小。为了简单起见,我们仍以数字为例。
    可以把生成验证码的代码独立出来,命名为checkcode.asp:

<%
‘**********************************************
‘* NAME:checkcode.asp                                                                  *
‘* CODE:netops(www.netop.cc)                                                           *
‘*  USE:生成xbm格式的验证码                                                            *
‘* TIME:2005.7                                                                         *
‘**********************************************
on error resume next
dim i
dim countdata
countdata="1234567890"
dim rou,chkcode,chklen
chkcode=""
chklen = 4
randomize
for i=1 to 4
   rou = int(rnd*10)
   chkcode = chkcode + cstr(rou)
next

dim strDigits
strDigits = Array(_
         "0","0x3c","0x66","0x66","0x66","0x66","0x66","0x66","0x66","0x66","0x3c",_
         "1","0x30","0x38","0x30","0x30","0x30","0x30","0x30","0x30","0x30","0x30",_
         "2","0x3c","0x66","0x60","0x60","0x30","0x18","0x0c","0x06","0x06","0x7e",_ 
         "3","0x3c","0x66","0x60","0x60","0x38","0x60","0x60","0x60","0x66","0x3c",_ 
         "4","0x30","0x30","0x38","0x38","0x34","0x34","0x32","0x7e","0x30","0x78",_ 
         "5","0x7e","0x06","0x06","0x06","0x3e","0x60","0x60","0x60","0x66","0x3c",_ 
         "6","0x38","0x0c","0x06","0x06","0x3e","0x66","0x66","0x66","0x66","0x3c",_ 
         "7","0x7e","0x66","0x60","0x60","0x30","0x30","0x18","0x18","0x0c","0x0c",_ 
         "8","0x3c","0x66","0x66","0x66","0x3c","0x66","0x66","0x66","0x66","0x3c",_ 
         "9","0x3c","0x66","0x66","0x66","0x66","0x7c","0x60","0x60","0x30","0x1c")

dim iCharWidth,iCharHeight,theBit,theNum,iRow,k,theOffset
dim imageStr
imageStr = ""

iCharWidth = 8
iCharHeight= 10*1
Response.ContentType ="image/x-xbitmap"
Response.Expires =0 
Response.Write "#define counter_width "&iCharWidth*chklen&chr(13) & chr(10)
Response.Write "#define counter_height "&iCharHeight&chr(13) & chr(10)
Response.Write "static unsigned char counter_bits[]={"
for iRow=0 to iCharHeight-1
   for i=1 to chklen
      theBit=mid(chkcode,i,1)
      k=0
      do while k<ubound(strDigits) 
          if strDigits(k) = theBit then exit do
          k=k+iCharHeight+1
      loop
      if k>=ubound(strDigits) then k=0
      theOffset = k + 1
      imageStr = imageStr + (strDigits(theOffset+iRow))&","
   next
next

imageStr = left(imageStr,(len(imageStr)-1))
Response.Write imageStr

Response.Write "};"
session("chkCode") = chkcode
%>

    在post.asp中,定义表单时,相应的代码改为:

REM 子过程,定义表单
Sub myform()
   Response.Write "<table width=500 border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 align=center>"&_
                  "<form name=form1 method=post action=default.asp>"&_
                  "<tr height=30><td rowspan=2 width=100 align=center>验证码</td>"&_
                  "<td><input type=text name=chkcode size=10>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"&_
                  "<img src=checkcode.asp width=32 height=10 border=0></td></tr>"&_
                  "<tr height=30><td>请填写文本框右侧的验证码</td></tr>"&_
                  "<tr height=30><td colspan=2 align=center>"&_
                  "<input type=submit name=Submit value=提交></td></tr>"&_
                  "</form></table>"
end Sub

    以上就是最简单的xbm型的验证码。但是这种格式的验证码,windows xp sp2的用户无法看到,原因是xp sp2取消了对xbm格式文件的支持。不过,可以通过修改注册表解决这个问题:打开注册表,找到HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftInternet ExplorerSecurity,用右键增加一个 dword 值,改名为 BlockXBM,其值为 00000000 。改好后,重新打开游览器就可以了。也可以用文件编辑器编辑一文件,内容如下:

    REGEDIT4

    [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftInternet ExplorerSecurity]
    "BlockXBM"=dword:00000000

    将该文件保存为扩展名为reg的注册表文件,然后双击该文件即可。
    除了xbm格式的验证码,也可以利用Adodb.Stream对象,开发出更复杂的BMP型 验证码,在网上有一些这样的程序。大家可以利用这样的程序,去生成数字、字母混合,彩色,且有彩色背景的验证码。
    对于租用空间的朋友来说,使用第三方组件受到很大限制。如果拥有自己的服务器,可以试一下利用ASP绘图组件shotgraph生成验证码,该验证码是GIF格式的,具有很广泛的通用性。
    总之,生成验证码的办法很多,现在有很多第三方组件可以帮助你生成各种样式的验证码,上网找找看吧。
文章摘自:http://www.zhima365.com/shownews.php?id=434
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