Android学习笔记 - 控件篇

zhimibuhui188

于 2012-11-20 10:40:41 发布

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1.控件常用的属性
android:id //控件ID
android:text //控件显示的文本
android:grivity //控件内容位置 top bottom left right center_vertical
android:textSize //字体大小
android:background //背景颜色（RGB，如：#aa0000）
android:width //控件宽度
android:height //控件高度
android:padding //控件内边距大小
android:paddingLeft
android:paddingRight
android:paddingTop
android:paddingBottom
android:sigleLine //单行模式（true / false）
android:layout_weight //占容器大小权重（比例）

2.TextView

文本浏览控件，相当于Label，用于显示文本信息

android:id：控件ID
android:text：文本控件中的内容

3.Button：按钮
android:id：控件ID（@+id/myTextView）
android:layout_width：fill_parent
android:layout_height：wrap_content

4.EditText：相当于TextBox，用于编辑文本信息
获取文本框中的内容：txt.getText().toString();

5.Menu：菜单，点击菜单键后弹出的选项菜单

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@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
menu.add(0, 1, 1, R.string.exit); //组ID，项ID，排序ID，文字
menu.add(0, 2, 2, R.string.about);
return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
if(item.getItemId() == 1){
finish(); //表示结束应用程序
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}

6.单选框：RadioGroup / RadioButton
一个RadioGroup包括多个RadioButton，用于分组，与HTML一样

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rgroupSex.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
if (rbtnMale.getId() == checkedId) {
Toast.makeText(Control1Activity.this, "亲，你是男的喔！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});

7.复选框：CheckBox

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chkRead.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
if(isChecked){
Toast.makeText(Control1Activity.this, "亲，我也喜欢读书哈~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});

8.提示信息：Toast
一种消息提示的方式，会在屏幕下方中间显示出一段小提示文本

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Toast.makeText(Control1Activity.this, "亲，我也喜欢读书哈~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

9.进度条：ProgressBar
//相关属性
style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal" //水平进度条
style="?android:attr/progressBarStyle" //圆形进度图，无法显示进行的状态（百分比）
android:max="200" //进度条最大值，默认为100
android:visibility="gone" //不可见

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progeressBar.setMax(123); //进度条最大值
progeressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); //将进度条设置为可见
progeressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE); //将进度条设置为不可见
progeressBar.SetProgress(int); //进度条进度（颜色较深）
progeressBar.SetSecondaryProgress(int); //进度条第二进度（颜色较浅）

10.列表：ListView
//布局文件

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<ListView
android:id="@id/android:list"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:drawSelectorOnTop="false"
android:scrollbars="vertical"
android:padding="5px" />
</LinearLayout>

//列表需要继承 ListActivity

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public class Control2Activity extends ListActivity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.control2);
// 组织一下数据源
ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> list = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
HashMap<String, String> hm1 = new HashMap<String, String>();
hm1.put("userName", "张三");
hm1.put("userAccount", "ZhengYongQiang");
list.add(hm1);
HashMap<String, String> hm2 = new HashMap<String, String>();
hm2.put("userName", "李四");
hm2.put("userAccount", "WengJiaXiong");
list.add(hm2);
HashMap<String, String> hm3 = new HashMap<String, String>();
hm3.put("userName", "王五");
hm3.put("userAccount", "LiLiXiang");
list.add(hm3);
// 绑定数据源
SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this, list,
R.layout.control2list,
new String[] { "userName", "userAccount" },
new int[] {R.id.lblUserName, R.id.lblUserAccount });
setListAdapter(adapter);
ListView lv = getListView();
lv.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int pos, long id) {
Toast.makeText(Control2Activity.this, "亲，你点击了：" + id, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
}

11.Spinner的基本使用方法
1.布局文件

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<Spinner
android:id="@+id/ddlCity"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>

2.在string.xml创建一个数组

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<string-array name="array_count">
<item>1</item>
<item>2</item>
</string-array>

3.代码绑定

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public class SpinnerActivity extends Activity {
Spinner ddlCity = null;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.spinner);
ddlCity = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.ddlCity);
ddlCity.setOnItemSelectedListener(new OnItemSelectedListener() {
public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position, long id) {
Toast.makeText(SpinnerActivity.this, "亲，你选择了" + adapterView.getItemAtPosition(position).toString(), 3000).show();
}
public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> adapterView) {
Toast.makeText(SpinnerActivity.this, "亲，你先一个吧！", 3000).show();
}
});
// 第一种方法：通过string.xml中的数组创建
// ArrayAdapter<CharSequence> adapter = ArrayAdapter.createFromResource(SpinnerActivity.this,
// R.array.array_city, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item);
// 第二种方法：通过一个List动态加载数据
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("福州");
list.add("漳州");
list.add("厦门");
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(SpinnerActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, list);
// 设置下拉列表样式
adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
ddlCity.setAdapter(adapter);
ddlCity.setPrompt("请选择城市：");
}
}

12.DatePicker和DatePickerDialog的基本使用
//布局文件

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:orientation="horizontal" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/remindDate" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/txtDate"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:inputType="date" />
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:orientation="horizontal" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/remindTime" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/txtTime"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:inputType="time" />
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

//编码

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public class PickerActivity extends Activity {
EditText txtDate = null;
EditText txtTime = null;
private static final int DIALOG_DATE_ID = 1;
private static final int DIALOG_TIME_ID = 2;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.picker);
txtDate = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtDate);
txtTime = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtTime);
txtDate.setOnFocusChangeListener(new OnFocusChangeListener() {
public void onFocusChange(View v, boolean hasFocus) {
if (hasFocus)
showDialog(DIALOG_DATE_ID);
}
});
txtTime.setOnFocusChangeListener(new OnFocusChangeListener() {
public void onFocusChange(View v, boolean hasFocus) {
if (hasFocus)
showDialog(DIALOG_TIME_ID);
}
});
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.activity_list_item, REMIND_LIST);
txtRemind.setAdapter(adapter);
}
DatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener onDateSetListener = new OnDateSetListener() {
public void onDateSet(DatePicker view, int year, int monthOfYear, int dayOfMonth) {
txtDate.setText(year + "-" + (monthOfYear + 1) + "-" + dayOfMonth);
}
};
TimePickerDialog.OnTimeSetListener onTimeSetListener = new OnTimeSetListener() {
public void onTimeSet(TimePicker view, int hourOfDay, int minute) {
txtTime.setText(hourOfDay + ":" + minute);
}
};
@Override
protected Dialog onCreateDialog(int id) {
switch (id) {
case DIALOG_DATE_ID:
new DatePickerDialog(this, onDateSetListener, 2012, 1, 14).show();
break;
case DIALOG_TIME_ID:
new TimePickerDialog(this, onTimeSetListener, 13, 14, true).show();
break;
}
return super.onCreateDialog(id);
}
}

13.AutoCompleteTextView的基本使用
//布局文件

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:orientation="horizontal" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/remindText" />
<AutoCompleteTextView
android:id="@+id/txtRemind"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

//编码

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public class PickerActivity extends Activity {
AutoCompleteTextView txtRemind = null;
private static final String[] REMIND_LIST = new String[] {
"闹钟模式", "节日提醒", "会议提醒", "特殊提醒",
"ClockRemind", "DayRemind", "MeetingRemind", "OtherRemind"
};
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.picker);
txtDate = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtDate);
txtTime = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtTime);
txtRemind = (AutoCompleteTextView) findViewById(R.id.txtRemind);
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.activity_list_item, REMIND_LIST);
txtRemind.setAdapter(adapter);
}
}

14.ExpandableListActivity的基本使用方法
1.在布局文件中声明对象

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<ExpandableListView
android:id="@id/android:list"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:drawSelectorOnTop="false" />
<TextView
android:id="@id/android:empty"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:text="No Data" />
</LinearLayout>

2.在而已文件中声明group的样式group.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/lblExpListGroup"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginLeft="40dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
android:textSize="20dp" />
</LinearLayout>

3.在而已文件当中声明子项的样式child.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/lblExpListItem"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginLeft="50dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
android:textSize="16dp" />
</LinearLayout>

4.创建一个Activity，继承ExpandableListActivity
5.为group创建数据
6.为child创建数据
7.绑定数据

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public class ExpListActivity extends ExpandableListActivity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.explist);
//列表组数据
List<Map<String, String>> groups = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
Map<String, String> group1 = new HashMap<String, String>();
group1.put("name", "列表组1");
groups.add(group1);
Map<String, String> group2 = new HashMap<String, String>();
group2.put("name", "列表组2");
groups.add(group2);
//列表组1数据
List<Map<String, String>> item1 = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
Map<String, String> item11 = new HashMap<String, String>();
item11.put("name", "列表组1子项1");
item1.add(item11);
Map<String, String> item12 = new HashMap<String, String>();
item12.put("name", "列表组1子项2");
item1.add(item12);
//列表组2数据
List<Map<String, String>> item2 = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
Map<String, String> item21 = new HashMap<String, String>();
item21.put("name", "列表组2子项1");
item2.add(item21);
Map<String, String> item22 = new HashMap<String, String>();
item22.put("name", "列表组2子项2");
item2.add(item22);
//列表项数据
List<List<Map<String,String>>> items = new ArrayList<List<Map<String,String>>>();
items.add(item1);
items.add(item2);
//创建适配器
SimpleExpandableListAdapter adapter = new SimpleExpandableListAdapter(ExpListActivity.this,
groups, R.layout.explistgroup, new String[] { "name" }, new int[] { R.id.lblExpListGroup },
items, R.layout.explistitem, new String[] { "name" }, new int[] { R.id.lblExpListItem });
//绑定
setListAdapter(adapter);
}
}

15.SeekBar的基本使用方法
进度条，可滑动，设置音量、音乐进度等

1.在布局文件中声明

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<SeekBar
android:id="@+id/sbar"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

2.定义一个监听器

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private class SeekBarListener implements SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener{
@Override //滑块改变触发
public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser){
System.out.println("Changed : " + progress);
}
@Override //滑块开始改变时触发
public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar){
System.out.println("Start : " + seekBar.getProgress());
}
@Override //滑块停止改变时触发
public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar){
System.out.println("Stop : " + seekBar.getProgress());
}
}

3.实例

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seekBar = (SeekBar)findViewById(R.id.sbar);
seekBar.setMax(100); //设置最大进度
seekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBarListener()); //绑定事件

16.RatingBar的基本使用方法
打分条，几个五角星，可以供用户打分

1.在布局文件中声明

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<RatingBar
android:id="@+id/rbar"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:numStars="5"
android:stepSize="1.0" />

2.定义一个监听器

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private class RatingBarListener implements RatingBar.OnRatingBarChangeListener{
@Override
public void onRatingChanged(RatingBar ratingBar, float rating, boolean fromUser){
System.out.println("rating : " + rating);
}
}