Android 进程间通信个人理解

Android的进程间通信是有区别与Linux的进程间通信方式(Socket,管道等等)，Android采取Binder内核驱动的方式，实现进程间的通信。因为Android系统是基于Linux系统改写的，Linux的内核是有权限访问所有进程的通信的，那么Android系统就在Linux的内核扩展了自己的代码，Android称之为Binder驱动，那么Android进程间的通信都是依赖于Binder驱动来实现的，Binder驱动是最底层的东西，我们可以尝试去看看Binder驱动的源代码。

应用

在详细的了解Android进程间通信原理之前，我们要先了解在应用层是如何实现进程间通信的，在应用层我们通过AIDL来实现进程间的通信，可以通过AIDL实现不同进程间传送数据（基本类型和对象），编写AIDL是很简单的，通过Android studio开发工具，就可以生成AIDL和对应的Java类，其实AIDL文本只是Android为了开发者能够更简单实现进程间通信发明的，只序开发者编写AIDL文件即可，而不用花时间去实现Java类，但是如果我们想要了解Android的进程间通信，还需要自己去实现Java类。

编写AIDL文件

非常简单的AIDL文件，只需这样，点击build->Make Project（如果无法生成，可以使用aidl命令），就可以生成对应的Java类。
对应Java类：

/*
 * This file is auto-generated.  DO NOT MODIFY.
 * Original file: /home/zouzhiyi/workspace/UltimateRecyclerView-master/IPCServive/app/src/main
 * /aidl/com/ipc/scott/ipcservive/DownloadManager.aidl
 */
package com.ipc.scott.ipcservive;

public interface DownloadManager extends android.os.IInterface
{
    /** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */
    public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements
            DownloadManager
    {
        private static final String DESCRIPTOR =
                "com.ipc.scott.ipcservive.DownloadManager";

        /** Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */
        public Stub()
        {
            this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
        }

        /**
         * Cast an IBinder object into an com.ipc.scott.ipcservive.DownloadManager interface,
         * generating a proxy if needed.
         */
        public static DownloadManager asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj)
        {
            if ((obj == null))
            {
                return null;
            }
            android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
            if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof DownloadManager)))
            {
                return ((DownloadManager) iin);
            }
            return new Proxy(obj);
        }

        @Override
        public android.os.IBinder asBinder()
        {
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply,
                int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException
        {
            switch (code)
            {
                case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION:
                {
                    reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
                    return true;
                }
                case TRANSACTION_registDownloadCallback:
                {
                    data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                    DownloadCallback _arg0;
                    _arg0 = DownloadCallback.Stub.asInterface(
                            data.readStrongBinder());
                    this.registDownloadCallback(_arg0);
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    return true;
                }
                case TRANSACTION_unRegistDownloadCallback:
                {
                    data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                    DownloadCallback _arg0;
                    _arg0 = DownloadCallback.Stub.asInterface(
                            data.readStrongBinder());
                    this.unRegistDownloadCallback(_arg0);
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
        }

        private static class Proxy implements DownloadManager
        {
            private android.os.IBinder mRemote;

            Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote)
            {
                mRemote = remote;
            }

            @Override
            public android.os.IBinder asBinder()
            {
                return mRemote;
            }

            public String getInterfaceDescriptor()
            {
                return DESCRIPTOR;
            }

            /**
             * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
             * and return values in AIDL.
             */
            @Override
            public void registDownloadCallback(DownloadCallback callback)
                    throws android.os.RemoteException
            {
                android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                try
                {
                    _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
                    _data.writeStrongBinder(
                            (((callback != null)) ? (callback.asBinder()) : (null)));
                    mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_registDownloadCallback, _data, _reply, 0);
                    _reply.readException();
                } finally
                {
                    _reply.recycle();
                    _data.recycle();
                }
            }

            /**
             * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
             * and return values in AIDL.
             */
            @Override
            public void unRegistDownloadCallback(DownloadCallback callback)
                    throws android.os.RemoteException
            {
                android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                try
                {
                    _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
                    _data.writeStrongBinder(
                            (((callback != null)) ? (callback.asBinder()) : (null)));
                    mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_unRegistDownloadCallback, _data, _reply, 0);
                    _reply.readException();
                } finally
                {
                    _reply.recycle();
                    _data.recycle();
                }
            }
        }

        static final int TRANSACTION_registDownloadCallback =
                (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);
        static final int TRANSACTION_unRegistDownloadCallback =
                (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1);
    }

    /**
     * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    public void registDownloadCallback(DownloadCallback callback)
            throws android.os.RemoteException;

    /**
     * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    public void unRegistDownloadCallback(DownloadCallback callback)
            throws android.os.RemoteException;
}

AIDL文件没什么好研究的，按着规则来就可以实现不同进程间的通信，将对应的Java类打包交给客户端使用即可。
在这里好好的研究下自动生成的Java类，这个DownloadManager的类图，涉及到几个主要的类，

1. android.os.IInterface
2. android.os.Binder
3. android.os.IBinder

4. android.os.Parcel

   这４个类都是android.os下的类，所有是系统级别的类。