体系结构
request功能
获取请求行数据
package cn.oceanstar.response;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/*
* Response获取请求行
* 浏览器访问:http://localhost:8080/webServlet_war_exploded/ServletDemo?name=oceanstart&age=18
* */
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo")
public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1、获取请求方法
String method = request.getMethod();
System.out.println("获取请求方法:" + method); // GET
//2、获取虚拟目录
System.out.println("获取虚拟目录:" + request.getContextPath()); //获取虚拟目录:/webServlet_war_exploded
//3、获取Servlet路径:
System.out.println("获取Servlet路径:" + request.getServletPath()); // 获取Servlet路径:/ServletDemo
//4、获取get方法请求参数:
System.out.println("获取get方法请求参数:" + request.getQueryString()); //获取get方法请求参数:name=oceanstart&age=18
//5、获取请求URI
System.out.println("获取请求URI:" + request.getRequestURI()); // 获取请求URI:/webServlet_war_exploded/ServletDemo
System.out.println("获取请求URL:" + request.getRequestURL()); //获取请求URL:http://localhost:8080/webServlet_war_exploded/ServletDemo
//6、获取协议以及版本
System.out.println("获取协议以及版本:" + request.getProtocol()); //获取协议以及版本:HTTP/1.1
//7、获取客户端的IP地址
System.out.println("获取客户端的IP地址:" + request.getRemoteAddr()); // 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
}
}
获取请求头
package cn.oceanstar.response;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo3")
public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
Enumeration<String> headNames = request.getHeaderNames();
while (headNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = headNames.nextElement();
// 根据名称获取请求头的值
String value = request.getHeader(name);
System.out.println(name + ":" + value);
}
// host:localhost:8080
// connection:keep-alive
// upgrade-insecure-requests:1
// user-agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36
// sec-fetch-mode:navigate
// accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3
// sec-fetch-site:none
// accept-encoding:gzip, deflate, br
// accept-language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
// cookie:JSESSIONID=BF91E27B988F92A23D2B1614EEBC64B1; _ga=GA1.1.1981025662.1555230476
// 演示获取---浏览器版本
String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
if(agent.contains("Chrome")){
System.out.println("谷歌");
}else if(agent.contains("Firefox")){
System.out.println("火狐");
}
// 获取referer:来自哪个链接
String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
System.out.println(referer);
}
}
获取请求体
- 请求体:只有post请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了Post请求的请求参数
步骤:
1、获取流对象
- BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据
- ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型数据
2、再从流对象中拿数据
试验:
1、项目目录如下:
register.html内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://localhost:8080/Response_war_exploded/ServletDemo" method="post">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"><br>
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
ServletDemo内容如下:
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo")
public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求消息体----请求参数
//1、获取字符流
BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
//2、读取数据
String line = null;
while ((line = br.readLine())!= null){
System.out.println(line);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
tomcat配置如下:
2、启动项目,浏览器访问:http://localhost:8080/Response_war_exploded/register.html
结果:控制台输出:username=admin&password=123456
获取请求参数[通用]
1、String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值
username=admin&password=123
2、String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobbby=yy
3、EnumerationgetParameter():获取所有请求的参数名称
4、Ma<String, String[]>getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
5、get和post请求获取参数一样
6、解决参数中文乱码的问题
- get:tomcat8已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
- post方式:会乱码
解决:获取参数前,设置request的编码
试验:
项目目录如下:
- register.html内容
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://localhost:8080/Response_war_exploded/ServletDemo" method="post">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"><br>
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password"><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="game">游戏
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="study">学习
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
ServletDemo内容如下:
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo")
public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//获取请求消息体----请求参数
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("username:" + username);
System.out.println("---------------------------------");
String []hobby = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
System.out.println("hobby:" + hobby);
System.out.println("---------------------------------");
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
String values = request.getParameter(name);
System.out.println(name + ":" + values);
}
System.out.println("---------------------------------");
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
for (String name : keyset){
String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
System.out.println(name + ":" + values);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
tomcat配置如下:
2、启动项目,浏览器访问:http://localhost:8080/Response_war_exploded/register.html
请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
步骤:
-
1、通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String var1)
-
2、使用对象来来进行转发:void forward(ServletRequest var1, ServletResponse var2) throws ServletException, IOException
-
3、特点:
- 浏览器地址路径不发生变化
- 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中
- 转发是一次请求
4、转发对象在同一个tomcat下部署
5、 实践
- 1、项目目录
- 2、ServletDemo1内容
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo1")
public class ServletDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("111111111111");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/ServletDemo2").forward(request, response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- 3、ServletDemo1内容
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo2")
public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("22222222222222被转发");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
2、浏览器访问:http://localhost:8080/Response_war_exploded/ServletDemo1
共享数据
-
域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据
-
request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
-
方法:setAttribute(String name, Object obj):存储数据
getAttribute(String name):获取数据
removeAttribute(String name):移除
实践:在请求转发的基础上修改- ServletDemo1内容
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo1")
public class ServletDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("111111111111");
//存储数据到request域中
request.setAttribute("name", "oceanstar");
// 转发
request.getRequestDispatcher("/ServletDemo2").forward(request, response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- ServletDemo2内容
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo2")
public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("获取name:" + request.getAttribute("name"));;
System.out.println("22222222222222被转发");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
获取ServletContext
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo1")
public class ServletDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(request.getServletContext()); // org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@76777349
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}