C/C++编程：终止程序

std::atexit

• 注册 func 所指向的函数，使得在正常程序中止（通过 std::exit() 或从 main 函数返回）时调用它。
• 可以多次注册同一函数
• 保证实现支持注册至少 32 个函数。准确限制是实现定义的。
• 若函数通过异常退出，则调用 std::terminate 。
• atexit 是线程安全的：从数个线程调用函数不引入数据竞争。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
 
void atexit_handler_1() 
{
    std::cout << "at exit #1\n";
}
 
void atexit_handler_2() 
{
    std::cout << "at exit #2\n";
}
 
int main() 
{
    const int result_1 = std::atexit(atexit_handler_1);
    const int result_2 = std::atexit(atexit_handler_2);
 
    if ((result_1 != 0) || (result_2 != 0)) {
        std::cerr << "Registration failed\n";
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
 
    std::cout << "returning from main\n";
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

std::exit

导致正常程序终止发生

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>

class Static {
public:
    ~Static()
    {
        std::cout << "Static dtor\n";
    }
};

class Local {
public:
    ~Local()
    {
        std::cout << "Local dtor\n";
    }
};

Static static_variable;  // *将*调用此对象的析构函数
void atexit_handler()
{
    std::cout << "atexit handler\n";
}
int main()
{
    Local local_variable; // // 将*不*调用此对象的析构函数
    const int result = std::atexit(atexit_handler); // 将调用处理函数

    if (result != 0) {
        std::cerr << "atexit registration failed\n";
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    
    std::cout << "test\n";
    std::exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

std::abort

#include <iostream>
#include <csignal>
#include <cstdlib>

class Tester{
public:
    Tester(){std::cout << "Tester contruction\n";}
    ~Tester(){std::cout << "Tester dectruction\n";}
};

Tester static_tester;  // 不调用析构函数

void signal_handler(int signal){
    if(signal == SIGABRT){
        std::cerr << "SIGABRT received\n";
    }else{
        std::cerr << "Unexpected signal " << signal << " received\n";
    }
    std::_Exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

int main() {
    Tester automatic_tester; // 不调用析构函数

    // 安装处理函数
    auto previous_handler = std::signal(SIGABRT, signal_handler);
    if (previous_handler == SIG_ERR) {
        std::cerr << "Setup failed\n";
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    std::abort();  // 引发 SIGABRT
    std::cout << "This code is unreachable\n";
}