讲到并发就不得不讲一下
Executor
框架,其框架主要类关系图如下:
从图中可以看出来,接口Executor是框架知识点的引路者,那就从它讲起!
一:关于Executor的源码
/*
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
*/
package java.util.concurrent;
/**
* An object that executes submitted {@link Runnable} tasks. This
* interface provides a way of decoupling task submission from the
* mechanics of how each task will be run, including details of thread
* use, scheduling, etc. An <tt>Executor</tt> is normally used
* instead of explicitly creating threads. For example, rather than
* invoking <tt>new Thread(new(RunnableTask())).start()</tt> for each
* of a set of tasks, you might use:
*
* @since 1.5
* @author Doug Lea
*/
public interface Executor {
/**
* Executes the given command at some time in the future. The command
* may execute in a new thread, in a pooled thread, or in the calling
* thread, at the discretion of the <tt>Executor</tt> implementation.
*
* @param command the runnable task
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if this task cannot be
* accepted for execution.
* @throws NullPointerException if command is null
*/
void execute(Runnable command);
}
说明:看源码,简单的不得了,就一个execute方法,参数为Runnable类型的对象!学过线程的都应该知道,Thread类就是Runnable的实现类,那execute方法可以传Thread对象。
在这列举一下Runnable的实现类:
- AsyncBoxView.ChildState 用于Java Swing开发
- FutureTask 用于异步计算
- RenderableImageProducer 用于AWT开发图像异步生成
- SwingWorker 用于Java Swing开发
- Thread 用于Java线程开发
- TimerTask 用于计时器任务
其中标红的是需要重点学习的!
二:Executor的几种实现形式
在Executor的源码中,列举了几种实现方式:
1) 执行程序可以在调用者的线程中立即运行已提交的任务
class DirectExecutor implements Executor {
public void execute(Runnable r) {
r.run();
}
}
2) 执行程序将为每个任务生成一个新线程去运行
class ThreadPerTaskExecutor implements Executor {
public void execute(Runnable r) {
new Thread(r).start();
}
}
3) 执行程序使任务提交与第二个执行程序保持连续,这说明了一个复合执行程序。
class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
final Queue<Runnable> tasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
final Executor executor;
Runnable active;
SerialExecutor(Executor executor) {
this.executor = executor;
}
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
tasks.offer(new Runnable() { //放入队列
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (active == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((active = tasks.poll()) != null) {
executor.execute(active);
}
}
}
参考资料:
JDK API 1.6.0
http://www.iteye.com/topic/366591