Base64编码解码

 

编码原理：3个8bit 的字节拆分为对应4*6bits，形成4个字节，每个字节高位补两个0。如果不足，末尾添加1或2个’=‘。

解码原理：与上相反

 

 编码过程：

如下所表示的转换表，根据转换表把要转换的字符串每个字符映射到A~Z,a ~z,0~9,+,/ 的范围中。

 

索引	对应字符	索引	对应字符	索引	对应字符	索引	对应字符
0	A	17	R	34	i	51	z
1	B	18	S	35	j	52	0
2	C	19	T	36	k	53	1
3	D	20	U	37	l	54	2
4	E	21	V	38	m	55	3
5	F	22	W	39	n	56	4
6	G	23	X	40	o	57	5
7	H	24	Y	41	p	58	6
8	I	25	Z	42	q	59	7
9	J	26	a	43	r	60	8
10	K	27	b	44	s	61	9
11	L	28	c	45	t	62	+
12	M	29	d	46	u	63	/
13	N	30	e	47	v
14	O	31	f	48	w
15	P	32	g	49	x
16	Q	33	h	50	y

 

解码过程：

     把要解码的字符串映射到0~63 的范围，然后合并字节，形成原来的字符串。

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;

 char base64EncodeChars[]="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";//64 个数
 char base64DecodeChars[] = {
		 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
		 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
		 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62, -1, -1, -1, 63,
		 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1, // '=' 也就是61 返回0
		 -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
		 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
		 -1, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
		 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}; 

 char* base64encode( char *str,int slen, char *encodestr){
	//使用unsigned char 类型，保证右移操作为逻辑右移
	unsigned char c1,c2,c3;
	int i=0,j=0;
//	encodestr=new char[(strlen+2)/3*4+1];
	while(i<slen){
		c1=str[i++];
		if(i==slen){
			encodestr[j++]=base64EncodeChars[c1>>2];
			encodestr[j++]=base64EncodeChars[((c1 & 0x3)<<4)];
			encodestr[j++]='=';
			encodestr[j++]='=';
			break;

		}
		c2=str[i++];
		if(i==slen){
			encodestr[j++]=base64EncodeChars[c1>>2];
			encodestr[j++]=base64EncodeChars[((c1 & 0x3)<<4) | (c2>>4)];
			encodestr[j++]=base64EncodeChars[((c2 & 0xf)<<2) ];
			encodestr[j++]='=';
			break;
		}
		c3=str[i++];
		encodestr[j++]=base64EncodeChars[c1>>2];
		encodestr[j++]=base64EncodeChars[((c1 & 0x3)<<4) | (c2>>4)];
		encodestr[j++]=base64EncodeChars[((c2 & 0xf)<<2) | (c3>>6)];
		encodestr[j++]=base64EncodeChars[(c3 & 0x3f)];
	}
	encodestr[j]=0;
	return encodestr;
	
}

char* base64decode( char *str,int slen, char *decodestr){

	unsigned char c1,c2,c3,c4;
	int i=0,j=0;
	while(i<slen){
		c1=base64DecodeChars[str[i++] & 0xff];
		c2=base64DecodeChars[str[i++] & 0xff];
		c3=base64DecodeChars[str[i++] & 0xff];
		c4=base64DecodeChars[str[i++] & 0xff];
		if(c1==255 || c2==255 || c3==255 || c4==255)
			cout<<"wrong\n";

		decodestr[j++]=(c1<<2) | ((c2 & 0x30)>>4);
		decodestr[j++]= ((c2 & 0xf)<<4) | ((c3 & 0x3c)>>2);
		decodestr[j++]=((c3 & 0x3)<<6) | (c4 & 0x3f);
	}
	decodestr[j]=0;
	return decodestr;
}
int main(){
	char str[300];
	char destr[300];
	
//	char ch=-1;
//	unsigned char c=ch;
//	cout<<(int)c<<endl;
	
	cin>>str;
	while(str){
		char *enchar;
		enchar=new  char[(strlen(str)+2)/3*4+1];
		cout<<"str len="<<strlen(str)<<endl;

		base64encode(str,strlen(str),enchar);
		cout<<"=endcode:"<<enchar<<endl;

		base64decode(enchar,strlen(enchar),destr);
		cout<<"=decode:"<<destr<<endl;

		if(strcmp(str,destr)==0)
			cout<<"right"<<endl;
		else
			cout<<"wrong"<<endl;
		delete []enchar;
		cin>>str;
	}

	return 0;
}