我们可以使用sqlmetal命令行工具来生成外部映射文件,使用方法如下:
1、开始菜单 -》 VS2008 -》VS工具 -》VS2008命令行提示
2、输入命令:
D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC>sqlmetal /conn:server=xxx; database=Northwind;uid=xxx;pwd=xxx /map:c:\northwind.map /code:c:\northwind.cs |
3、这样,我们就可以在C盘下得到一个xml映射文件和C#的实体类代码
4、把.cs文件添加到项目中来(放到App_Code目录),然后使用下面的代码加载映射文件:
String path = @"C:\Northwind.map"; XmlMappingSource xms = XmlMappingSource.FromXml(File.ReadAllText(path)); Northwind ctx = new Northwind("server=xxx;database=Northwind;uid=xxx;pwd=xxx", xms); |
5、现在就可以照常进行其它工作了。使用sqlmetal可以很方便的同步数据库与实体和映射文件。每次修改数据库结构,从dbml设计器上删除表、存储过程然后再重新添加也是很麻烦的事情。
处理空值
var count = (from c in ctx.Customers where c.Region == null select c).Count(); Response.Write(count + "<br/>"); var query = from emp in ctx.Employees select emp.ReportsTo; foreach (Nullable<int> r in query) { Response.Write(r.HasValue ? r.Value.ToString() + "<br/>" : "没有<br/>"); } |
代码执行后捕获到下面的SQL被执行:
SELECT COUNT(*) AS [value] FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0] WHERE [t0].[Region] IS NULL
SELECT [t0].[ReportsTo] FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [t0] |
已编译查询
对于一些在项目中经常被用到的查询可以封装成已编译查询,这样就能提高执行效率:
static class Queries { public static Func<NorthwindDataContext, string, IQueryable<Customer>> CustomersByCity = CompiledQuery.Compile((NorthwindDataContext ctx, string city) => from c in ctx.Customers where c.City == city select c); } |
调用查询方式如下:
GridView1.DataSource = Queries.CustomersByCity(ctx, "London"); GridView1.DataBind(); |
获取一些信息
var query = from c in ctx.Customers select c; Response.Write("Provider类型:" + ctx.Mapping.ProviderType + "<br/>"); Response.Write("数据库:" + ctx.Mapping.DatabaseName + "<br/>"); Response.Write("表:" + ctx.Mapping.GetTable(typeof(Customer)).TableName + "<br/>"); Response.Write("表达式:" + query.Expression.ToString() + "<br/>"); Response.Write("sql:" + query.Provider.ToString() + "<br/>"); |
上面的代码执行结果如下:
Provider类型:System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.SqlProvider 窗体底端 |
撤销提交
var customer = ctx.Customers.Single(c => c.CustomerID == "AROUT"); customer.ContactName = "zhuye"; customer.Country = "Shanghai"; Response.Write(string.Format("Name:{0},Country:{1}<br/>", customer.ContactName, customer.Country)); customer = ctx.Customers.GetOriginalEntityState(customer); Response.Write(string.Format("Name:{0},Country:{1}<br/>", customer.ContactName, customer.Country)); |
上面的代码执行效果如下:
Name:zhuye,Country:Shanghai |
批量操作
下面的代码会导致提交N次DELETE操作:
var query = from c in ctx.Customers select c; ctx.Customers.RemoveAll(query); ctx.SubmitChanges(); |
应该使用sql语句进行批操作:
string sql = String.Format("delete from {0}", ctx.Mapping.GetTable(typeof(Customer)).TableName); ctx.ExecuteCommand(sql); |
对于批量更新操作也是同样道理。