- 一、关于XML解析
- XML在Java应用程序里变得越来越重要, 广泛应用于数据存储和交换. 比如我们常见的配置文件,都是以XML方式存储的. XML还应用于Java Message Service和Web Services等技术作为数据交换.因此,正确读写XML文档是XML应用的基础.
- Java提供了SAX和DOM两种方式用于解析XML,但即便如此,要读写一个稍微复杂的XML,也不是一件容易的事.
- 二、XMLBean简介
- Hibernate已经成为目前流行的面向Java环境的对象/关系数据库映射工具.在Hibernate等对象/关系数据库映射工具出现之前,对数据库的操作是通过JDBC来实现的,对数据库的任何操作,开发人员都要自己写SQL语句来实现. 对象/关系数据库映射工具出现后,对数据库的操作转成对JavaBean的操作,极大方便了数据库开发. 所以如果有一个类似的工具能够实现将对XML的读写转成对JavaBean的操作,将会简化XML的读写,即使对XML不熟悉的开发人员也能方便地读写XML. 这个工具就是XMLBean.
- 三、准备XMLBean和XML文档
- XMLBean是Apache的一个开源项目,可以从http://www.apache.org下载,最新的版本是2.0. 解压后目录如下:
- xmlbean2.0.0
- +---bin
- +---docs
- +---lib
- +---samples
- +---schemas
- 另外还要准备一个XML文档(customers.xml),
- 在本文的例子里,我们将对这个文档进行读写操作. 文档源码如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <Customers>
- <customer>
- <id>1</id>
- <gender>female</gender>
- <firstname>Jessica</firstname>
- <lastname>Lim</lastname>
- <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber>
- <address>
- <primaryAddress>
- <postalCode>350106</postalCode>
- <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1>
- <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2>
- </primaryAddress>
- <billingAddress>
- <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver>
- <postalCode>350107</postalCode>
- <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1>
- <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2>
- </billingAddress>
- </address>
- </customer>
- <customer>
- <id>2</id>
- <gender>male</gender>
- <firstname>David</firstname>
- <lastname>Bill</lastname>
- <phoneNumber>808182</phoneNumber>
- <address>
- <primaryAddress>
- <postalCode>319087</postalCode>
- <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1>
- <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2>
- </primaryAddress>
- <billingAddress>
- <receiver>Mr William</receiver>
- <postalCode>672993</postalCode>
- <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1>
- <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2>
- </billingAddress>
- </address>
- </customer>
- </Customers>
- 这是一个客户的数据模型,每个客户都有客户编号(ID),姓名,性别(gender),电话号码(phoneNumber)和地址,其中地址有两个: 首要地址(PrimaryAddress)和帐单地址(BillingAddress),每个地址有邮编,地址1,和地址2组成.其中帐单地址还有收件人(receiver).此外,还要准备一个配置文件(文件名customer.xsdconfig),这个文件的作用我后面会讲,它的内容如下:
- <xb:config xmlns:xb="http://xml.apache.org/xmlbeans/2004/02/xbean/config">
- <xb:namespace>
- <xb:package>sample.xmlbean</xb:package>
- </xb:namespace>
- </xb:config>
- 四、XMLBean使用步骤
- 和其他面向Java环境的对象/关系数据库映射工具的使用步骤一样,在正式使用XMLBean前,我们要作两个准备.
- 1. 生成XML Schema文件
- 什么是XML Schema文件? 正常情况下,每个XML文件都有一个Schema文件,XML Schema文件是一个XML的约束文件,它定义了XML文件的结构和元素.以及对元素和结构的约束. 通俗地讲,如果说XML文件是数据库里的记录,那么Schema就是表结构定义.
- 为什么需要这个文件? XMLBean需要通过这个文件知道一个XML文件的结构以及约束,比如数据类型等. 利用这个Schema文件,XMLBean将会产生一系列相关的Java Classes来实现对XML的操作. 而作为开发人员,则是利用XMLBean产生的Java Classes来完成对XML的操作而不需要SAX或DOM.怎样产生这个Schema文件呢? 如果对于熟悉XML的开发人员,可以自己来写这个Schema文件,对于不熟悉XML的开发人员,可以通过一些工具来完成.比较有名的如XMLSPY和Stylus Studio都可以通过XML文件来生成Schema文件. 加入我们已经生成这个Schema文件(customer.xsd):
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
- elementFormDefault="qualified">
- <xs:element name="Customers">
- <xs:complexType>
- <xs:sequence>
- <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="customer"
- type="customerType"/>
- </xs:sequence>
- </xs:complexType>
- </xs:element>
- <xs:complexType name="customerType">
- <xs:sequence>
- <xs:element name="id" type="xs:int"/>
- <xs:element name="gender" type="xs:string"/>
- <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/>
- <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
- <xs:element name="phoneNumber" type="xs:string"/>
- <xs:element name="address" type="addressType"/>
- </xs:sequence>
- </xs:complexType>
- <xs:complexType name="addressType">
- <xs:sequence>
- <xs:element name="primaryAddress" type="primaryAddressType"/>
- <xs:element name="billingAddress" type="billingAddressType"/>
- </xs:sequence>
- </xs:complexType>
- <xs:complexType name="primaryAddressType">
- <xs:sequence>
- <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/>
- <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/>
- <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/>
- </xs:sequence>
- </xs:complexType>
- <xs:complexType name="billingAddressType">
- <xs:sequence>
- <xs:element name="receiver" type="xs:string"/>
- <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/>
- <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/>
- <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/>
- </xs:sequence>
- </xs:complexType>
- </xs:schema>
- 2. 利用scomp来生成Java Classes
- scomp是XMLBean提供的一个编译工具,它在bin的目录下. 通过这个工具,我们可以将以上的Schema文件生成Java Classes.scomp的语法如下:-
- scomp [options] [dirs]* [schemaFile.xsd]* [service.wsdl]* [config.xsdconfig]*
- 主要参数说明:
- -src [dir] -- 生成的Java Classes存放目录
- -srconly -- 不编译Java Classes,不产生Jar文件
- -out [jarFileName] -- 生成的Jar文件,缺省是xmltypes.jar
- -compiler -- Java编译器的路径,即Javac的位置
- schemaFile.xsd -- XML Schema文件位置
- config.xsdconfig -- xsdconfig文件的位置, 这个文件主要用来制定生成的Java Class的一些文件名规则和Package的名称,在本文,package是sample.xmlbean
- 在本文,我是这样运行的:
- scomp -src build\src -out build\customerXmlBean.jar schema\customer.xsd
- -compiler C:\jdk142_04\bin\javac customer.xsdconfig
- 这个命令行的意思是告诉scomp生成customerXmlBean.jar,放在build目录下,同时生成源代码放在build\src下, Schema文件是customer.xsd,xsdconfig文件是customer.xsdconfig.其实, 生成的Java源代码没有多大作用,我们要的是jar文件.我们先看一下build\src\sample\xmlbean下生成的Classes.
- CustomersDocument.java -- 整个XML文档的Java Class映射
- CustomerType.java -- 节点sustomer的映射
- AddressType.java -- 节点address的映射
- BillingAddressType.java -- 节点billingAddress的映射
- PrimaryAddressType.java -- 节点primaryAddress的映射
- 好了,到此我们所有的准备工作已经完成了. 下面就开始进入重点:利用刚才生成的jar文件读写XML.
- 五、利用XMLBean读XML文件
- 新建一个Java Project,将XMLBean2.0.0\lib\下的Jar文件和刚才我们生成的customerXmlBean.jar加入到Project的ClassPath.
- 新建一个Java Class: CustomerXMLBean. 源码如下:
- package com.sample.reader;
- import java.io.File;
- import sample.xmlbean.*;
- import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
- import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlOptions;
- public class CustomerXMLBean {
- private String filename = null;
- public CustomerXMLBean(String filename) {
- super();
- this.filename = filename;
- }
- public void customerReader() {
- try {
- File xmlFile = new File(filename);
- CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
- CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
- for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
- CustomerType customer = customers[i];
- println("Customer#" + i);
- println("Customer ID:" + customer.getId());
- println("First name:" + customer.getFirstname());
- println("Last name:" + customer.getLastname());
- println("Gender:" + customer.getGender());
- println("PhoneNumber:" + customer.getPhoneNumber());
- // Primary address
- PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = customer.getAddress().getPrimaryAddress();
- println("PrimaryAddress:");
- println("PostalCode:" + primaryAddress.getPostalCode());
- println("AddressLine1:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine1());
- println("AddressLine2:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine2());
- // Billing address
- BillingAddressType billingAddress = customer.getAddress().getBillingAddress();
- println("BillingAddress:");
- println("Receiver:" + billingAddress.getReceiver());
- println("PostalCode:" + billingAddress.getPostalCode());
- println("AddressLine1:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine1());
- println("AddressLine2:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine2());
- }
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- private void println(String str) {
- System.out.println(str);
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers.xml";
- CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
- customerXMLBean.customerReader();
- }
- }
- 运行它,参看输出结果:
- Customer#0
- Customer ID:1
- First name:Jessica
- Last name:Lim
- Gender:female
- PhoneNumber:1234567
- PrimaryAddress:
- PostalCode:350106
- AddressLine1:#25-1
- AddressLine2:SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME
- BillingAddress:
- Receiver:Ms Danielle
- PostalCode:350107
- AddressLine1:#167
- AddressLine2:NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY
- Customer#1
- Customer ID:2
- First name:David
- Last name:Bill
- Gender:male
- PhoneNumber:808182
- PrimaryAddress:
- PostalCode:319087
- AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
- AddressLine2:Tima Road
- BillingAddress:
- Receiver:Mr William
- PostalCode:672993
- AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
- AddressLine2:Tima Road
- 怎么样,是不是很轻松? XMLBean的威力.
- 六、利用XMLBean写XML文件
- 利用XMLBean创建一个XML文档也是一件轻而易举的事.我们再增加一个Method,
- 请看一下的Java Class:
- public void createCustomer() {
- try {
- // Create Document
- CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.newInstance();
- // Add new customer
- CustomerType customer = doc.addNewCustomers().addNewCustomer();
- // set customer info
- customer.setId(3);
- customer.setFirstname("Jessica");
- customer.setLastname("Lim");
- customer.setGender("female");
- customer.setPhoneNumber("1234567");
- // Add new address
- AddressType address = customer.addNewAddress();
- // Add new PrimaryAddress
- PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = address.addNewPrimaryAddress();
- primaryAddress.setPostalCode("350106");
- primaryAddress.setAddressLine1("#25-1");
- primaryAddress.setAddressLine2("SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME");
- // Add new BillingAddress
- BillingAddressType billingAddress = address.addNewBillingAddress();
- billingAddress.setReceiver("Ms Danielle");
- billingAddress.setPostalCode("350107");
- billingAddress.setAddressLine1("#167");
- billingAddress.setAddressLine2("NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY");
- File xmlFile = new File(filename);
- doc.save(xmlFile);
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- 修改main method.
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
- CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
- customerXMLBean.createCustomer();
- }
- 运行,打开customers_new.xml:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <Customers>
- <customer>
- <id>3</id>
- <gender>female</gender>
- <firstname>Jessica</firstname>
- <lastname>Lim</lastname>
- <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber>
- <address>
- <primaryAddress>
- <postalCode>350106</postalCode>
- <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1>
- <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2>
- </primaryAddress>
- <billingAddress>
- <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver>
- <postalCode>350107</postalCode>
- <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1>
- <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2>
- </billingAddress>
- </address>
- </customer>
- </Customers>
- 七、利用XMLBean修改XML文件
- 我们再增加一个Method:
- public void updateCustomer(int id,String lastname) {
- try {
- File xmlFile = new File(filename);
- CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
- CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
- for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
- CustomerType customer = customers[i];
- if(customer.getId()==id){
- customer.setLastname(lastname);
- break;
- }
- }
- doc.save(xmlFile);
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- main method:
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
- CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
- customerXMLBean.updateCustomer(3,"last");
- }
- 运行之后,我们将会看到客户编号为3的客户的lastname已经改为last.
- 八、利用XMLBean删除一个customer
- 再增加一个Method:
- public void deleteCustomer(int id) {
- try {
- File xmlFile = new File(filename);
- CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
- CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
- for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
- CustomerType customer = customers[i];
- if(customer.getId()==id){
- customer.setNil() ;
- break;
- }
- }
- doc.save(xmlFile);
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- main method:
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
- CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
- customerXMLBean.deleteCustomer(3);
- }
- 运行,我们将会看到客户编号为3的客户的资料已经被删除.
- 九、查询XML
- 除了本文在以上讲述的,利用XMLBean能轻轻松松完成XML的读写操作外,结合XPath和XQuery,XMLBean还能完成象SQL查询数据库一样方便地查询XML数据. 关于XML查询以及如何创建XML数据库, 我将在另一篇文章里讨论.
-
转载自http://blog.163.com/pqg_iloveyou/blog/static/33351875200761811255619/
XMLBEANS的使用总结
最新推荐文章于 2017-12-26 11:16:00 发布