Python3.6 + Django2 + MySQL 实现数据插入和查询

环境要求：

Windows7、Python3.7、Django2、MySQL8

功能要求实现：

1、实现用户注册

2、展示用户信息

项目搭建步骤：

1、创建项目(sutdentsite)

django-admin startproject sutdentsite

2、创建应用(student)

python manage.py startapp student

项目结构文件说明：

sutdentsite: 项目的容器。
manage.py: 一个实用的命令行工具，可让你以各种方式与该 Django 项目进行交互。
sutdentsite/__init__.py: 一个空文件，告诉 Python 该目录是一个 Python 包。
sutdentsite/settings.py: 该 Django 项目的设置/配置。
sutdentsite/urls.py: 该 Django 项目的 URL 声明; 一份由 Django 驱动的网站"目录"。
sutdentsite/wsgi.py: 一个 WSGI 兼容的 Web 服务器的入口，以便运行你的项目。

应用结构文件说明：

student：应用的容器

student/admin.py：Django自带了一个管理界面，这个文件可以注册model在界面中管理

student/__init__.py：无

student/migrations：用来初始化数据库，在执行python manage.py makemigrations 的时候会自动生成一个文件在这里

student/migrations/__init__.py：表明migrations也是一个包

student/models.py：在这个文件里面定义model类

student/tests.py：写测试代码

student/views.py：视图，Django映射urls.py里面的url的时候，在views.py里面查找对应的处理方法

3、项目(sutdentsite)添加模板文件:template

4、项目（sutdentsite)编辑配置文件setting

4.1 调整时区

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

4.2 添加应用(student)

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'student',
]

4.3 配置MySQL 数据库连接：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'student',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '123456',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '3306',
        'OPTIONS': {'charset': 'utf8mb4'},
    }
}

4.4、移除crsf 中间件

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    # 关闭Django的跨站请求保护机制
    # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

4.5、配置template 文件夹

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        # 模板文件绝对路径写法
        'DIRS': ['E:/python_workspace/sutdentsite/template'],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

5、用户数据库设计

student/model.py创建用户信息表

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    address = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    email = models.EmailField()
    create_date = models.DateField()
    age = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    sex = models.CharField(max_length=20)


class User(models.Model):
    user_name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    user_password = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    user_email = models.EmailField()
    user_address = models.CharField(max_length=500)
    user_cards = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    user_numbers = models.CharField(max_length=20)

在终端Terminal 项目目录下执行数据表更新命令：

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

 

6、在student目录下views.py增加两个函数insert 注册信息 和lists 查询信息

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from . import models
# 引入模块
from django.utils.timezone import now


# Create your views here.


def lists(req):
    data = {}
    listdata = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
    data['list'] = listdata
    return render(req, 'lists.html', data)


# 路由中指定要调用的函数,传入一个用户请求参数
def index(request):
    # 返回HTML页面时,使用render来渲染和打包
    return render(request, 'index.html')


def insert(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'register.html')
    elif request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get("username", None)
        password = request.POST.get("password", None)
        mail = request.POST.get("email", None)
        age = request.POST.get("age", None)
        address = request.POST.get("address", None)
        models.UserInfo.objects.create(username=username, password=password, email=mail, age=age, address=address,
                                       create_date=now())
        return redirect('student:lists')

7、在student下增加一个url.py，并添加student 应用的命名空间

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
# include()函数允许引用其他的 URLconf。每当 django 遇到 include()，它会截取 URL
# 中匹配到的前面的部分，并将剩余部分的字符串发送给包含的 URLconf 做进一步处理
app_name = 'student'
urlpatterns = [
    url('lists/', views.lists, name='lists'),
    url('register/', views.insert, name='register'),
    url('index/', views.index),
]

然后在sutdentsite目录下的urls.py文件中，添加student应用的url 路径引用

"""sutdentsite URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('student/', include('student.urls', namespace='student')),
]

8、在template模板目录下创建两个html文件，用于用户注册和用户信息展示

register.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>用户注册</title>
<STYLE type="text/css">
        #login{
            width:400px;
            height:280px;
            position:absolute;
            left: 50%;
            top: 50%;
            margin-left:-200px;
            margin-top:-140px;
            border:1px;
            background-color:white;
            align:center;

}
        #form{
            width:300px;
            height:160px;
            position:relative;
             left:50%;
              top:50%;
              margin-left:-150px;
              margin-top:-80px;

        }

    </STYLE>

  </head>

  <body>
    <div id="login">
        <div id="form">
		    <form id='addForm' action="{% url 'student:register' %}" method="post">
		     <div class="form-group">
		        <label for="name">姓    名：</label>
		        <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名" required/>
		     </div>
		     <div class="form-group">
		        <label for="name">密    码：</label>
		        <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码" required/>
		     </div>
		     <div class="form-group">
		        <label for="name">邮    箱：</label>
		        <input type="mail" name="email" placeholder="请输入邮箱地址" required/>
		     </div>
		     <div class="form-group">
		        <label for="name">年纪：</label>
		        <input type="text" name="age" placeholder="请输入正确的手机号" required/>
		     </div>
		     <div class="form-group">
		        <label for="name">住    址：</label>
		        <input type="address" name="address" placeholder="请输入你现在的住址" required/>
		     </div>
		        <input type="submit" value="提交"  align="right">
		    </form>
        </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

lists.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>用户列表</title>
    <!-- Bootstrap 相关文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
	<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
	<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <ul class="breadcrumb">
        <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
        <li><a href="#">2018</a></li>
        <li class="active">十一月</li>
    </ul>
    <table class="table">
	<caption>用户列表</caption>
   <thead>
      <tr>
         <th>ID</th>
         <th>账户</th>
         <th>密码</th>
         <th>地址</th>
         <th>时间</th>
      </tr>
   </thead>
   <tbody>
      {% for d in list %}
      <tr>
         <td>{{ d.id }}</td>
         <td>{{ d.username }}</td>
         <td>{{ d.password }}</td>
         <td>{{ d.address }}</td>
         <td>{{ d.create_date }}</td>
      </tr>
      {% endfor %}
   </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

效果展示:

源代码下载地址：