原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/huang_xw/article/details/7340241
TcpNoDelay=false,为启用nagle算法,也是默认值。 Nagle算法的立意是良好的,避免网络中充塞小封包,提高网络的利用率。但是当Nagle算法遇到delayed ACK悲剧就发生了。Delayed ACK的本意也是为了提高TCP性能,跟应答数据捎带上ACK,同时避免糊涂窗口综合症,也可以一个ack确认多个段来节省开销。悲剧发生在这种情况,假设一端发送数据并等待另一端应答,协议上分为头部和数据,发送的时候不幸地选择了write-write,然后再read,也就是先发送头部,再发送数据,最后等待应答。
实验模型:发送端(客户端)
write(head);
write(body);
read(response);
接收端(服务端)
read(request);
process(request);
write(response);
这里假设head和body都比较小,当默认启用nagle算法,并且是第一次发送的时候,根据nagle算法,第一个段head可以立即发送,因为没有等待确认的段;接收端(服务端)收到head,但是包不完整,继续等待body达到并延迟ACK;发送端(客户端)继续写入body,这时候nagle算法起作用了,因为head还没有被ACK,所以body要延迟发送。这就造成了发送端(客户端)和接收端(服务端)都在等待对方发送数据的现象:
发送端(客户端)等待接收端ACK head以便继续发送body;
接收端(服务端)在等待发送方发送body并延迟ACK,悲剧的无以言语。
这种时候只有等待一端超时并发送数据才能继续往下走。
代码:
发送端代码
- package socket.nagle;
- import java.io.*;
- import java.net.*;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- public class Client {
- private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Client.class);
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- // 是否分开写head和body
- boolean writeSplit = true;
- String host = "localhost";
- logger.debug("WriteSplit:" + writeSplit);
- Socket socket = new Socket();
- socket.setTcpNoDelay(false);
- socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host, 10000));
- InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
- OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
- BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
- String head = "hello ";
- String body = "world\r\n";
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- long label = System.currentTimeMillis();
- if (writeSplit) {
- out.write(head.getBytes());
- out.write(body.getBytes());
- } else {
- out.write((head + body).getBytes());
- }
- String line = reader.readLine();
- logger.debug("RTT:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - label) + ", receive: " + line);
- }
- in.close();
- out.close();
- socket.close();
- }
- }
- package socket.nagle;
- import java.io.*;
- import java.net.*;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- public class Server {
- private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Server.class);
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
- serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress(10000));
- logger.debug(serverSocket);
- logger.debug("Server startup at 10000");
- while (true) {
- Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
- InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
- OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
- while (true) {
- try {
- BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
- String line = reader.readLine();
- logger.debug(line);
- out.write((line + "\r\n").getBytes());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- [test5@cent4 ~]$ java socket.nagle.Server
- 1 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server - ServerSocket[addr=0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0,port=0,localport=10000]
- 6 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server - Server startup at 10000
- 4012 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server - hello world
- 4062 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server - hello world
- 4105 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server - hello world
- 4146 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server - hello world
- 4187 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server - hello world
- 4228 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server - hello world
- 4269 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server - hello world
- 4310 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server - hello world
- 4350 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server - hello world
- 4390 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server - hello world
- 4392 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server -
- 4392 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Server -
- [test5@cent4 ~]$ java socket.nagle.Client
- 0 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - WriteSplit:true
- 52 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:12, receive: hello world
- 95 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:42, receive: hello world
- 137 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:41, receive: hello world
- 178 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:41, receive: hello world
- 218 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:40, receive: hello world
- 259 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:40, receive: hello world
- 300 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:41, receive: hello world
- 341 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:41, receive: hello world
- 382 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:41, receive: hello world
- 422 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:40, receive: hello world
其实问题不是出在nagle算法身上的,问题是出在write-write-read这种应用编程上。禁用nagle算法可以暂时解决问题,但是禁用 nagle算法也带来很大坏处,网络中充塞着小封包,网络的利用率上不去,在极端情况下,大量小封包导致网络拥塞甚至崩溃。在这种情况下,其实你只要避免write-write-read形式的调用就可以避免延迟现象,如下面这种情况发送的数据不要再分割成两部分。
实验2: 当WriteSplit=false and TcpNoDelay=false 启用nagle算法
- [test5@cent4 ~]$ java socket.nagle.Client
- 0 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - WriteSplit:false
- 27 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:4, receive: hello world
- 31 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:3, receive: hello world
- 34 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:2, receive: hello world
- 38 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:3, receive: hello world
- 42 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:2, receive: hello world
- 44 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:2, receive: hello world
- 47 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:1, receive: hello world
- 50 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:2, receive: hello world
- 53 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:1, receive: hello world
- 54 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:1, receive: hello world
- [test5@cent4 ~]$ java socket.nagle.Client
- 0 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - WriteSplit:true
- 25 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:6, receive: hello world
- 28 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:2, receive: hello world
- 31 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:3, receive: hello world
- 33 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:1, receive: hello world
- 35 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:2, receive: hello world
- 41 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:6, receive: hello world
- 49 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:3, receive: hello world
- 52 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:2, receive: hello world
- 56 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:3, receive: hello world
- 59 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:3, receive: hello world
- [test5@cent4 ~]$ java socket.nagle.Client
- 0 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - WriteSplit:false
- 21 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:3, receive: hello world
- 23 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:1, receive: hello world
- 27 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:3, receive: hello world
- 30 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:2, receive: hello world
- 32 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:1, receive: hello world
- 35 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:2, receive: hello world
- 38 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:2, receive: hello world
- 41 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:2, receive: hello world
- 43 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:1, receive: hello world
- 46 [main] DEBUG socket.nagle.Client - RTT:2, receive: hello world
注意: 以上实验在windows上测试下面的代码,客户端和服务器必须分在两台机器上,似乎winsock对loopback连接的处理不一样。下面的我的做法是:服务端与客户端都在一台Linux机上。