生成随机数

> runif(1) #生成一个(0,1)上的均匀分布随机数

[1] 0.6661981

> runif(10) #生成10个 (0,1)上的均匀分布随机数

 [1] 0.95549241 0.99039799 0.28050893 0.31159335 0.72820064 0.06589717

 [7] 0.37308805 0.04962709 0.27343763 0.79214013

> runif(1, min=-3, max=3) #生成一个(-3,3)上的均匀分布随机数

[1] -2.727779

> rnorm(1) #生成一个标准正态分布随机数

[1] 1.213485

> rnorm(1, mean=100, sd=15) #生成一个期望为100、方差为15的正态分布随机数

[1] 95.1548

> rbinom(1, size=10, prob=0.5)  #二项分布

[1] 5

> rpois(1, lambda=10) #泊松分布

[1] 8

> rexp(1,rate=0.1) #指数分布

[1] 1.249201

> rgamma(1,shape=2,rate=0.1) #伽马分布

[1] 14.55554

> rnorm(3,mean=c(-10,0,10),sd=1) #生成3个正态分布随机数，短向量参数会被循环使用

[1] -9.842395 -0.879867  9.010954

> mean <- rnorm(100,mean=0,sd=0.2)

> rnorm(100, mean=mean,sd=1) #期望正好是随机数

  [1] -1.052897262  0.221461850 -0.391345118  0.224137213  0.272316033

  [6]  1.287885891  0.154256313  0.096518858  1.402515345 -0.086878082

 [11]  1.002132092  0.916728945  1.342576389 -1.071619311  1.297544301

 [16]  1.387240593 -1.674475109  1.407482715  0.311735706 -1.366705423

 [21]  0.803543073 -0.326333753 -0.360611295  0.475175531 -0.613969929

 [26]  2.261266453 -1.160133626 -0.403582653  1.897664201  1.468270109

 [31] -1.025354481  0.606690162  0.084401001 -0.183696647 -0.839342033

 [36] -0.364455734  1.012103726  0.946516131 -0.933246453  1.439233089

 [41]  0.593591199 -1.294765798  0.930443702  0.466275095 -0.813447324

 [46]  0.330044251  0.876620530  1.634362828  0.698450712  0.677788432

 [51] -0.196174869 -0.792442561  1.054596917 -0.307024277 -0.272191958

 [56]  0.560267901  0.606007971 -1.403108666 -0.418905820  1.282634712

 [61] -0.007488274 -0.773510972  1.311583769  0.454041783 -0.398655750

 [66]  0.123545586 -1.162592616 -1.058055558  0.897592415 -1.138545684

 [71]  1.229995820 -1.177410537 -1.094428425 -1.415597422 -0.443472272

 [76] -0.984424892  0.590845060  1.659746115 -0.570441036 -1.318351570

 [81]  0.155129207  1.010362126  0.922164178  1.143866716  0.387691775

 [86] -1.600127641  0.887398901  0.670208984 -0.228769412  0.388753831

 [91] -0.104620974  1.014887355 -0.973183677  0.046801521  0.083479447

 [96] -1.289070363 -1.293016055 -1.056618614  1.495699705  0.498614068

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