片言
此文中代码都是笔者工作中源码，所以不会很完整，主要摘常见场景的api片段用以举例说明
另:此文主要针对自动化测试人员，尤其有python基础阅读更佳。
笔者使用 python3.6 + postgresql10 + flask 0.12 的环境
场景介绍
我们要实现后台管理中的用户管理功能，实现对用户的增、修改、删除、查询操作。
文中场景省去登录和用户权限部分，但我会在接口代码片段中进行注释说明
接口：新增用户
（定义访问的http链接地址，以及请求使用的 method）
http://127.0.0.1:7070/guardian/users
@app.route('/guardian/users', methods=['POST']) # 使用 POST 方法
@require_role('guardian_admin') # 登录用户的角色权限必须是guardian_admin 此处是自定义的更角色管理中的设置管理员角色一致即可。不需要角色权限也可以注释此行即可
@login_required # 验证用户登录 flask_login插件
def create_user(): ''' 下面json串是新增时候前台表单提交的内容以及格式，也就是我们接口测试时候需要添加的测试数据 { "user": { "domain_id": "default", "enabled": True, "name": "tsbc1", "password": "111111", "realname": "Ray", "email": "tsbc@vip.qq.com", "tel": "+86-029-88880000", "phone": "13800138000", "org_id": "7d22d25a-b648-4ad3-a834-2398eb989a9e", "org_array":[], "comments": "备注信息" } } ''' try: domain_id = None user_name = None user_passwd = None project_id = None real_name = None email = None phone = None org_id = None org_array = None comments = None try: # 接收前端请求数据，并使用json.loads 把数据转换成Python可以读格式 resq_obj = request.data resq_json = None if type(resq_obj) is bytes: resq_json = resq_obj.decode() else: resq_json = resq_obj user_obj = jsonpickle.loads(resq_json) # 此处使用了jsonpickle的lib，使用json lib也是一样的 logging.debug('create user {0} '.format(user_obj)) if 'default_project_id' in user_obj['user']: project_id = user_obj['user']['default_project_id'] domain_id = user_obj['user']['domain_id'] user_name = user_obj['user']['name'] user_passwd = user_obj['user']['password'] except Exception as ee: abort(400) #raise ee if domain_id is not None and user_name is not None and user_passwd is not None: # 笔者使用 keystone 进行用户管理 此处在keystone创建帐号，然后获取id,把id及其它信息会存放在自定义的数据库表中 resp = usermgt.create_user(domain_id, user_name, user_passwd, project_id) # resp返回值是 dict 格式 if 'id' in resp['user']: try: # 把前端POST的表单值进行变量赋值 传给后台进行存库 user_id = resp['user']['id'] if 'realname' in user_obj['user']: real_name = user_obj['user']['realname'] if 'email' in user_obj['user']: email = user_obj['user']['email'] if 'tel' in user_obj['user']: tel = user_obj['user']['tel'] if 'phone' in user_obj['user']: phone = user_obj['user']['phone'] if 'org_id' in user_obj['user']: org_id = user_obj['user']['org_id'] if 'org_array' in user_obj['user']: org_array = user_obj['user']['org_array'] if 'comments' in user_obj['user']: comments = user_obj['user']['comments'] except Exception as e: # raise e abort(400) if user_obj is not None: try: # 调用方法进行后台存库 GuardianModelDao._save_update_users_info(user_id, user_name, real_name, email, tel, phone, org_id, org_array, comments) return wrap_response(SUCCESS_MSG, 200) # 执行成功 返回操作成功信息及状态码 200 except Exception as e: LOG.debug(e) abort(500) # 否则 后台500 错误 else: abort(500)
后台函数
用于实现对接口中传递数据进行处理入库、修改、查询等等。
@classmethoddef _save_update_users_info(cls, user_id, username, real_name, email, tel, phone, org_id, org_array, comments): LOG.debug('start create users info...') try: with TxConn() as conn: # 连接数据库 with conn.cursor() as cursor: # save user data now_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()) # 接收变量赋值 user_data users_data = { "user_id":user_id, "username":username, "realname":real_name, "email":email, "tel":tel, "phone":phone, "org":org_id, "org_array":org_array, "comments":comments, "now_time":now_time } cursor.execute(cls.insert_users_info, users_data) # 插入数据 conn.commit() except Exception as e: LOG.exception('error saving users info', e) raise e
测试脚本（新增用户）
python unittest做单元测试
import unittest, requests
class GuardianTestCase(unittest.TestCase): guardian_base = 'http://127.0.0.1:7070' user_token = keystone.user_token('default', 'tsbc', '123456') # 调用keystone生成登录用户的token def test_create_user_api(self): # 添加对应headers 及 tonken 用于数据传参和登录认证使用 myheaders = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'} myheaders['X-Subject-Token'] = self.user_token # 接口测试数据 user = { "user": { "domain_id": "default", "enabled": True, "name": "tsbc1", "password": "123456", "realname": "Ray", "email": "tsbc@123.com", "tel":"+86-029-88880000", "phone": "13800138000", "org_id": "7d22d25a-b648-4ad3-a834-2398eb989a9e", "org_array":None, "comments": "备注信息" } } # 使用requests的post方法进行请求路由 _resp = requests.post(self.guardian_base + '/guardian/users', json=user, headers=myheaders, verify=True) resp_json = _resp.content # 对返回结果及状态进行校验 if _resp.ok: self.assertIsNotNone(resp_json) LOG.info('create users, response: {0}'.format(resp_json)) else: LOG.error('error create users, response: {0}, status: {1}'.format(resp_json, _resp.status_code))
接口：修改用户
修改用户和新增用户传递的参数差不多，使用的是http的patch请求，route要添加user_id的参数 ，其他实现和新增差不多代码不重复贴了
@app.route('/guardian/users/<string:user_id>', methods=['PATCH'])@require_role('guardian_admin')@login_requireddef update_user(user_id): """ 此处省略接收请求数据代码 """ try: resp = usermgt.update_user(domain_id, user_id, username, user_passwd, project_id, enabled) # 更新keystone 用户密码、状态 if resp is not None: # 更新用户基本信息与新增是同一个接口，执行SQL时使用PostGresql特性，相同user_id数据只更新不会再插入 GuardianModelDao._save_update_users_info(user_id, username, real_name, email, tel, phone, org_id, org_array, comments) return wrap_response(SUCCESS_MSG, 200) # 更新成功返回 200 except Exception as e: LOG.exception('error modify user', e) abort(500) # 更新失败500
测试脚本(修改用户)
def test_update_user_api(self): myheaders = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'} myheaders['X-Subject-Token'] = self.user_token user = { "user": { "domain_id": "default", "enabled": True, "name": "tsbc1", "password": "111111", "realname": "xioohua", "email": "haoydun@123.com", "tel": "+86-029-88880000", "phone": "13800138000", "org_id": "7d22d25a-b648-4ad3-a834-2398eb989a9e", "comments": "备注信息" } } _resp = requests.patch(self.guardian_base + '/guardian/users/0d26176579e94d558c4c2d864b003241', # 路由中添加要修改的用户ID requests使用 patch方法 json=user, headers=myheaders, verify=True) resp_json = _resp.content # 返回值进行校验 if _resp.ok: self.assertIsNotNone(resp_json) LOG.info('update users, response: {0}'.format(resp_json)) else: LOG.error('error update users, response: {0}, status: {1}'.format(resp_json, _resp.status_code))
接口：查询用户
根据用户名查询用户，使用http的get请求
@app.route('/guardian/users/<string:user_name>', methods=['GET']) # 查询使用 GET 方法@require_role('guardian_admin')@login_requireddef query_user_by_username(user_name): try: user_info = GuardianModelDao._query_users_info_by_name(user_name) # 调用后台查询函数 if len(user_info): return wrap_response(jsonpickle.dumps(user_info), 200) # 成功返回200 并把返回内容转换成 json格式 else: return wrap_response("[]", 200) # 否则返回空 except Exception as e: LOG.exception('error query user by name', e) abort(500)
后台函数
@classmethoddef _query_users_info_by_id(cls, user_id): LOG.debug('start list users info...') users = [] with TxConn() as conn: try: with conn.cursor() as cursor: data = (user_id,) cursor.execute(cls.query_users_info_by_id, data) # 查询结构如果是行数据，放进list中进行返回 for (user_id, real_name, email, tel, phone, org_id, org_array, comments, create_time, update_time) in cursor: user = Users(user_id, real_name, email, tel, phone, org_id, org_array, comments, create_time, update_time) users.append(user) except Exception as e: LOG.exception('error query users !') raise e return users
测试脚本(查询用户)
def test_query_user_api(self): myheaders = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'} myheaders['X-Subject-Token'] = self.user_token _resp = requests.get(self.guardian_base + '/guardian/users/tsbc', headers=myheaders, verify=True) # 链接中加入用户名 resp_json = _resp.text # 验证判断 if _resp.ok: self.assertIsNotNone(resp_json) LOG.info('query users, response: {0}'.format(resp_json)) else: LOG.error('error query users, response: {0}, status: {1}'.format(resp_json, _resp.status_code))
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