Yii2.0开发初学者必看

1.修改默认控制器/方法

yii默认是site控制器，可以在web.php中设置$config中的'defaultRoute'='xxxx';使用自定义默认的控制器。也可以改写Yii::$app->defaultRoute属性。 
yii的默认方法是index，可以在vender/yiisoft/yii2/base/Controller.php 中进行初始设置，也可以在控制器中改写defaltAction=’action’。

2.添加独立模块

yii可以在modules文件夹中添加自定义模块，添加完成后在web.php中的$config中的’modules’=[id=..class=…]设置模块的开关。 
模块一般用于一些独立的功能，像我站里的admin模块整体负责后台逻辑。

3.模型操作表设置

yii的模型有Model和ActiveRecord两种，Model类用来处理基本的业务逻辑，没有数据库相关方法，如果要操作同名数据表，请继承ActiveRecord类。 
我们用一个在models文件夹中的Operation.class里Operation类来继承yii\db\ActiveRecord来操作Operation表。 
如果要操作其他表，也可以重写public $tableName属性来设置。或改写其tableName方法（注意是静态方法） ： 
public static function tableName(){return 'tableName'}

4.视图层构成

yii的视图层使用.php文件，而且其内部的实现也多采用yii内置小部件的形式，如 
<?= LinkPager::widget(['pagination'=>$pagination]) ?>来表示其分页类。 
而且，像input这样的小部件，用ActiveForm类来展现，yii会对每个自动加入ajax验证，其一般的小部件都放在yii\widget\里，我们还可以在此文件夹里构建自定义的小部件类。

5.布局模式

yii会默认开启布局模式，其布局模板为view中的layout中的main.php，我们可以在veder/yiisoft/yii2/web/controller.php基础类中public $layout属性修改模板文件的配置。 
我们还可以设置关闭或指定特定的layout： 
控制器内控制 public $layout=false/'layout' 
控制器成员方法内控制 $this->layout=false/'layout' 
视图中选择布局 $this->context->layout=false/'layout'

6.模型的基本设置

yii的模型是MVC的处理器，它执行对MVC逻辑的处理。 model的属性定义是其核心，由于默认定义魔术方法get/set，所以可以直接在model外调用$modle->attr='value'，对模型的属性进行获取/赋值。 
场景设置 
yii中有对场景的定义，定义场景可以使得yii在不同的情况下返回不同的数据信息。用model的scenarios()方法来设置返回数据。 
我们在使用model时传入场景名 $model=new Model(['scenario'=>'login']);来确定场景。 
规则设置 
yii中对验证规则的定义，使用rules()方法可以一条定义多条规则，也可以根据不同的场景进行定义。外部验证时用$model->validate()方法来执行验证。 
在安全模式下，要进行安全验证，即每一个属性都要在rules里验证，如果没有特定规则，也要添加’safe’验证。否则验证失败，存入数据库也会失败。 
标签设置 
在处理表单时，多用$model->attributes属性来表示全部的属性。其中attributeLabels方法return一个数组用来表示视图层中ActiveForm产生的各个表单项的label标签

7.引用JS/CSS文件

yii中的view也使用面向对象方式 ，所以引入CSS和JS文件要用特殊的方法。 
使用$this->registerJsFile('js.js')来引入js文件； 
使用$this->registerJsFile('js.js')来引入js文件；

8.分页类的使用

<code class="hljs haskell has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">//在模型中计算出总数量
$count=$this->find()-><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">where</span>()->count();
//用总条数和设定的每页个数实例化一个yii\<span class="hljs-typedef" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">data</span>\<span class="hljs-type" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Pagination</span>类</span>
$page=new <span class="hljs-type" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Pagination</span>([totalCount' => $count,'defaultPageSize'   => <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>,]);
//使用分页类的属性搜索想要的数据，并返回数据
$res=$this->find()-><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">where</span>()->offset($page->offset)->limit($page->limit)->all();
<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> [$res,$page];
//使用控制器渲染页面
$<span class="hljs-typedef" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">data</span>=$model->getData<span class="hljs-container" style="box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>;</span>
<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> $this->render('index',$<span class="hljs-typedef" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">data</span>);</span>
//在视图页面中使用数据。
<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">foreach</span>($res <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">as</span> key)...
<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">yii</span>\widgets\<span class="hljs-type" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">LinkPager</span>::widget([pagination=$page,prevPageLabel='上一页'])</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>

。

9.创建url

<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">use</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">yii</span>\<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">helpers</span>\<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Url</span>;
Url::to([<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'xxx/xxx'</span>]);
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//或</span>
Yii::<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$app</span>->urlManager->createUrl(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'xxx.xxx'</span>)</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

10查询构建器

yii里的QUERY查询语句构造器非常简单好用，它可以用在模型和控制器中，虽然可能会造成模型与表不对应，但其构成接近sql语句，使用它可以轻易写出复杂的sql语句而不必严格遵从yii的内置规则。 
方法为：

<code class="hljs coffeescript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">$res</span>=<span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> yii\db\Query())</span>-></span>select<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>-></span>from<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>-></span>leftJoin<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>-></span>where-><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>-></span>all();</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

其中where语句较为复杂： 
where(‘in’,’id’,$array)或where(‘id’=>$array) 
具体可以查看http://www.yiichina.com/doc/guide/2.0/db-query-builder中对where方法的解析。

11.自定义函数

yii里面自定义函数可以在vendor/yiisoft/yii2/helpers/文件夹里，新建一个XXX.php文件，然后定义一个自定义类，再定义静态方法YYY()。 
使用时应用基命名空间，use yii\helpers\XXX,然后用类来引用基静态方法XXX::YYY()

12.关联模型

yii里面的关联模型，用来在取得当前表内的一条记录时，会取出对应表的记录。如A表内每取出一条信息，也取出B表中跟A表对应有信息，在ModelA里定义一个getBtable方法

<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getBtable</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>
{</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$this</span>->hasOne/hasMany(Btable::className,[<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'bid'</span>=><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'aid'</span>]);
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

查询时可以使用joinWith('Btable')->find();会在查找时查找其关联对象；也可以使用$this->find()等方法结果对象 
使用$res->btable来直接引用对象。 
使用$res[n]->btable->attr来引用B表的对应属性。

13.使用ActiveForm创建表单

yii2中使用小部件创建view视图的步骤： 设置一个Model设置其属性

<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$username</span>:
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$password</span>;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

设置其rule或场景等

<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">rules</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> [
            [[<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'username'</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'password'</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'conpass'</span>], <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'required'</span>],
            [<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'conpass'</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'password'</span>,
        ];
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

设置其label

<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">attributeLabels</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> [
            <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'username'</span> => <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'管理员'</span>,
            <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'password'</span> => <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'密码'</span>,
        ];
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

然后在controller中将model的实例渲染进去：

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">$this->render('index',['model'=>(new Model/ActiveRecord)])
//最后在页面中使用ActiveForm
use yii\widgets\ActiveForm;
<span class="php" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"><?php</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$form</span> = ActiveForm::begin([
    <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'action'</span> => [<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'log/login'</span>],
    <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'method'</span>=><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'post'</span>
    ]); <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">?></span></span>
    <span class="php" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"><?</span>= <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$form</span>->field(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$model</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'username'</span>) <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">?></span></span>
    <span class="php" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"><?</span>= <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$form</span>->field(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$model</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'password'</span>) <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">?></span></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">div</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"form-group"</span>></span>
        <span class="php" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"><?</span>= Html::submitButton(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'Submit'</span>, [<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'class'</span> => <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'btn btn-primary'</span>]) <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">?></span></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">div</span>></span>
<span class="php" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"><?php</span> ActiveForm::end(); <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">?></span></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; height: 60px; right: 30px; top: 5px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; z-index: 2;">
</div><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>

14.使用验证码

在controller中设置验证码的独立方法

<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">actions</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span> {</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> [
            <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'captcha'</span> =>  [
                <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'class'</span> => <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'yii\captcha\CaptchaAction'</span>,
                <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'height'</span> => <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">50</span>,
                <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'width'</span> => <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">80</span>,
                <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'minLength'</span> => <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>,
                <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'maxLength'</span> => <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>
            ],
        ];
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>

在model里设置rule和label,label同上

<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">rules</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> [[<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'verifyCode'</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'captcha'</span>,<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'captchaAction'</span>=><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'admin/log/captcha'</span>],];
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

(captchaAction要设置为controller中的位置，如果自定义module要设置module) 在view中使用

<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">use</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">yii</span>\<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">captcha</span>\<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Captcha</span>;
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"><?</span>= <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$form</span>->field(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$model</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'verifyCode'</span>)->widget(Captcha::className(),
    [<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'captchaAction'</span>=><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'log/captcha'</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'imageOptions'</span>=>
        [<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'alt'</span>=><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'点击换图'</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'style'</span>=><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'cursor:pointer'</span>]
    ]) <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">?></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

15.视图中块的使用

块内容在$this->beginBlock(['id'=>xxx])和$this->endBlock()之间定义，在layout中使用$view->block[id]来引用。可以在完成向模板中导入视图数据。 
也可以定义$this->var=xxx;在layout中用$this->var来引用。

16.更新和删除

更新

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//查找到一条结果</span>
<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$res</span><span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$this</span><span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span>find()<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">where</span>()<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span>one();
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//对结果修改</span>
<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$res</span><span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span>attr<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=</span><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'xxx'</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//执行更新操作</span>
<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$res</span><span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span>update();
删除
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//删除一条数据</span>
<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$this</span><span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span>findOne(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$id</span>)<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span>delete();
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//删除所有符合条件的数据</span>
<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$this</span><span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-></span>deleteAll(<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">[</span><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">where</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">]</span><span class="hljs-markup" style="box-sizing: border-box;">);</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>

注意和窍门

1.URL模块间跳转

在模块中用Url::to()方法创建URL时，会自动在前面添加模块名，导致无法跳转到其他模块，我们可以在字符串前添加’//’符来返回根模块，例如Url::to([‘//index/index’])表示跳转到初始地址。

2.初始化变量

想在控制器中每一个操作前，初始化一个变量的话不要重写__construct构造函数，因为它需要传入各种变量。最好重写beforeAction()函数，它会在执行每一个action时都执行一下。 
并且注意：方法的最后一定要添加return true语句。

3.在JS中使用YII的变量

若想在JS中使用YII的URL变量等，可以使用html中的script标签，将变量在第一次渲染视图时预先解析出来，将下面代码放在需要使用变量的地方之前。

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"text/javascript"</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> key=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<?=Url::to(['xxx/xxx']) ?>"</span>
</span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

然后在JS文件中正常使用。

4.全局常量的定义

我们可以在config文件夹中的params.php中定义全局常量。 
然后在脚本中用Yii::$app->params[‘key’]来引用。

5.yii模型属性转数组

YII用toArray()方法可以将模型的属性转换为数组进行输出，可独立使用，也可以在查询时用连续操作方式使用。

6.在使用controller渲染view页面时

一定要在render前加echo或return 写作echo/return $this->render('view',$data);

7.yii中的属性，谨记！

在ActiveForm中如果数据表中有了此字段，就不要再用public声明一个属性了，会导致attribute无法赋值。。。。（血泪）。