Centos安装Docker

Docker 简介

Docker :The Modern Platform for High-Velocity Innovation

维基百科:Docker是一个开源项目,可自动部署软件容器内的应用程序。
百度百科:Docker是一个开源的应用容器引擎,让开发者可以打包他们的应用及依赖包到一
个可移植的容器中,然后发布到任何流行的Linux机器上,也可以实现虚拟化。

一、更新yum

[root@ecs-f4ff bin]# yum update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package binutils.x86_64 0:2.27-41.base.el7 will be updated
....
  Verifying  : python-perf-3.10.0-1062.1.1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                         50/50 

Installed:
  kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7                                                                                           kernel-devel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7                                                                                          

Updated:
  binutils.x86_64 0:2.27-41.base.el7_7.1           centos-release.x86_64 0:7-7.1908.0.el7.centos         device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2        device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2        dnsmasq.x86_64 0:2.76-10.el7_7.1                  
  firewalld.noarch 0:0.6.3-2.el7_7.2               firewalld-filesystem.noarch 0:0.6.3-2.el7_7.2         hostname.x86_64 0:3.13-3.el7_7.1                 initscripts.x86_64 0:9.49.47-1.el7                    kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7       
  kernel-tools.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7        kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7        libgudev1.x86_64 0:219-67.el7_7.2                microcode_ctl.x86_64 2:2.1-53.2.el7_7                 patch.x86_64 0:2.7.1-12.el7_7                     
  procps-ng.x86_64 0:3.3.10-26.el7_7.1             python-firewall.noarch 0:0.6.3-2.el7_7.2              python-perf.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7         rsyslog.x86_64 0:8.24.0-41.el7_7.2                    sos.noarch 0:3.7-7.el7.centos                     
  sudo.x86_64 0:1.8.23-4.el7_7.1                   systemd.x86_64 0:219-67.el7_7.2                       systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-67.el7_7.2             systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:219-67.el7_7.2                 

Complete!

二、安装需要的软件包,yum-util提供yum-config-manager功能

[root@ecs-f4ff bin]#  yum install -y yum-utils
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-52.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-kitchen for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-chardet for package: python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-3.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                             Arch                                                        Version                                                            Repository                                                 Size
====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
......
Installed:
  yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-52.el7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

Dependency Installed:
  python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-3.el7                                                                                              python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7                                                                                             

Complete!

三、设置yum源

[root@ecs-f4ff bin]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
adding repo from: https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

四、查看仓库中Docker版本

[root@ecs-f4ff bin]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.4-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.3-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.2-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.1-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.0-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.9-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.8-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.7-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.6-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.5-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.4-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.3-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.2-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.1-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.0-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.3.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.2.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.1.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.0.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.3.ce-1.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
 * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Available Packages

五、正式安装Docker,yum install docker-ce-18.06.3.ce(最后为版本号)

[root@ecs-f4ff bin]# yum install docker-ce-18.06.3.ce
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package docker-ce.x86_64 0:18.06.3.ce-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: container-selinux >= 2.9 for package: docker-ce-18.06.3.ce-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libseccomp >= 2.3 for package: docker-ce-18.06.3.ce-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcgroup for package: docker-ce-18.06.3.ce-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libltdl.so.7()(64bit) for package: docker-ce-18.06.3.ce-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libseccomp.so.2()(64bit) for package: docker-ce-18.06.3.ce-3.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package container-selinux.noarch 2:2.107-3.el7 will be installed
......
Installed:
  docker-ce.x86_64 0:18.06.3.ce-3.el7                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

Dependency Installed:
  audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.8.5-4.el7      checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-8.el7  container-selinux.noarch 2:2.107-3.el7  libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-21.el7  libseccomp.x86_64 0:2.3.1-3.el7  libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7  libtool-ltdl.x86_64 0:2.4.2-22.el7_3 
  policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-33.el7  python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7  setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-4.el7      

Complete!

六、已经安装完成,然后启动Docker服务

	1. 启动命令:						systemctl start docker
	2. 检验Docker是否正确安装命令:		docker container run -i -t hello-world

如此,Docker第一个程序 HelloWorld完成,如下

[root@ecs-f4ff bin]# systemctl start docker
[root@ecs-f4ff bin]#  docker container run -i -t hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:c3b4ada4687bbaa170745b3e4dd8ac3f194ca95b2d0518b417fb47e5879d9b5f
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

七、Docker相关命令

docker image pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]				//pull从仓库拉取镜像到本地
docker image ls [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]				//列出镜像
docker image ls [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]				//查看镜像详细信息
docker image history [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]					//查看构建过程
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]				//创建并启动容器
docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH CONTAINER:DEST_PATH			//将本地文件拷贝到容器
docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]		//将容器提交为新的镜像
docker image tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]		//给镜像打标签
docker push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]							//上传镜像或仓库到注册服务器
docker image rm [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]					//将本地镜像删除
docker image load [OPTIONS]									//从tar文件中载入镜像
docker image save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]				//将镜像保存为tar文件
docker container start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]	//启动已终止的容器
docker container ls [OPTIONS]								//查看容器
docker container logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER					//打印容器日志
docker container attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER					//进入正在运行的容器里面
docker container exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]	//再指定运行的容器中执行某个命令
docker container stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]	//停止容器运行并保存状态
docker container kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]	//强行停止运行的容器
docker container rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]		//删除某个容器
docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]								//登录注册的服务器
docker search [OPTIONS] TERM								//搜索Docker Hub上的某个镜像或者仓库
docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]					//从注册服务器拉去镜像(或仓库)到本地
docker logout [SERVER]										//注销登录状态
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