c程序内存泄露检查工具

Valgrind是一款用于内存调试、内存泄漏检测以及性能分析的软件开发工具。

Valgrind的最初作者是Julian Seward，他于2006年由于在开发Valgrind上的工作获得了第二届Google-O'Reilly开源代码奖。

Valgrind遵守GNU通用公共许可证条款，是一款自由软件。

 

官网

http://www.valgrind.org

 

下载与安装

#wget http://www.valgrind.org/downloads/valgrind-3.8.1.tar.bz2
#tar xvf valgrind-3.8.1.tar.bz2
#cd valgrind-3.8.1
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/valgrind
#make
#make install

测试代码

#include <stdlib.h>
int* func(void)
{
int* x = malloc(10 * sizeof(int));
x[10] = 0;
}
int main(void)
{
int* x=NULL;
x=func();
//free(x);  
x=NULL;
return 0;
}

编译

#gcc -g -o test test.c

 

内存检查
/usr/local/webserver/valgrind/bin/valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=yes --show-reachable=yes /data_disk/webdata/c/test

检查结果

==27394== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==27394== Copyright (C) 2002-2012, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==27394== Using Valgrind-3.8.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==27394== Command: /data_disk/webdata/c/test
==27394== 
==27394== Invalid write of size 4
==27394==    at 0x4004E2: func (test.c:5)
==27394==    by 0x4004FE: main (test.c:10)
==27394==  Address 0x51c2068 is 0 bytes after a block of size 40 alloc'd
==27394==    at 0x4C278FE: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:270)
==27394==    by 0x4004D5: func (test.c:4)
==27394==    by 0x4004FE: main (test.c:10)
==27394== 
==27394== 
==27394== HEAP SUMMARY:
==27394==     in use at exit: 40 bytes in 1 blocks
==27394==   total heap usage: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 40 bytes allocated
==27394== 
==27394== 40 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1
==27394==    at 0x4C278FE: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:270)
==27394==    by 0x4004D5: func (test.c:4)
==27394==    by 0x4004FE: main (test.c:10)
==27394== 
==27394== LEAK SUMMARY:
==27394==    definitely lost: 40 bytes in 1 blocks
==27394==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==27394==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==27394==    still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==27394==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==27394== 
==27394== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==27394== ERROR SUMMARY: 2 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 6 from 6)

说明

 Invalid write of size 4：表示数组越界写了4字节

40 bytes in 1 blocks：表示因程序退出而发生内存泄露40字节

文档：

Valgrind 中包含的 Memcheck 工具可以检查以下的程序错误：

　　使用未初始化的内存 (Use of uninitialised memory)
　　使用已经释放了的内存 (Reading/writing memory after it has been free’d)
　　使用超过malloc分配的内存空间(Reading/writing off the end of malloc’d blocks)
　　对堆栈的非法访问 (Reading/writing inappropriate areas on the stack)
　　申请的空间是否有释放 (Memory leaks – where pointers to malloc’d blocks are lost forever)
　　malloc/free/new/delete申请和释放内存的匹配(Mismatched use of malloc/new/new [] vs free/delete/delete [])
　　src和dst的重叠(Overlapping src and dst pointers in memcpy() and related functions)
　　重复free