step1:创建MVC的入口:
创建 WEB-INF/web.xml,申请服务器:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> //配置格式文档;
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" //xml命名空间;
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" //初始化xml文件;
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<servlet> //设立java servlet服务器;
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet //入口,通过dispatcherServlet实现流程控制;
</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> //设定servlet的优先级;
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern> //浏览器地址栏中的url地址,/ 表示http://localhost:8080/ + 工程名
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app> //宣言基于web;
step2:创建映射配置文件:
创建springmvc-servlet.xml,为服务器进行配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> //配置文件实例;
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="simpleUrlHandlerMapping" //指定Handler Mapping类为simpleUrlHandlerMapping;
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/index">indexController</prop> //后缀为/index交给id为indexController的bean处理;
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="indexController" class="controller.IndexController"></bean> //配置id ——》class;
</beans>
3.实现控制类 IndexController:
建立控制类 IndexController实现接口Controller ,提供方法handleRequest来处理请求;
SpringMVC通过 ModelAndView 对象把模型和视图结合在一起:
package controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
//实现接口Controller;
public class IndexController implements Controller { //通过MAV结合模型和视图;
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("index.jsp"); //通过JSP实现视图;
mav.addObject("message", "Hello Spring MVC"); //模型数据:具体内容;
return mav;
}
}
4.准备jsp:
在WebContent目录下创建index.jsp,通过EL表达式显示message的内容:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false"%> //开启EL表达式;
<h1>${message}</h1> //设定顶级标题