JPA的查询语言—JPQL的关联查询

从一关联到多的查询和从多关联到一的查询来简单说说关联查询。

　　实体Team：球队。

　　实体Player：球员。

　　球队和球员是一对多的关系。

　　Team.java:

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package com.cndatacom.jpa.entity;   import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set;   import javax.persistence.CascadeType; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.FetchType; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.OneToMany; import javax.persistence.Table;     /**   * 球队   * @author Luxh   */ @Entity @Table (name= "team" ) public class Team{        @Id      @GeneratedValue      private Long id;            /**球队名称*/      @Column (name= "name" ,length= 32 )      private String name;            /**拥有的球员*/      @OneToMany (mappedBy= "team" ,cascade=CascadeType.ALL,fetch=FetchType.LAZY)      private Set<Player> players = new HashSet<Player>();        //以下省略了getter/setter方法         //...... }

　　Player.java:

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package com.cndatacom.jpa.entity;     import javax.persistence.CascadeType; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.JoinColumn; import javax.persistence.ManyToOne; import javax.persistence.Table;     /**   * 球员   * @author Luxh   */ @Entity @Table (name= "player" ) public class Player{            @Id      @GeneratedValue      private Long id;            /**球员姓名*/      @Column (name= "name" )      private String name;            /**所属球队*/      @ManyToOne (cascade={CascadeType.MERGE,CascadeType.REFRESH})      @JoinColumn (name= "team_id" )      private Team team;            //以下省略了getter/setter方法            //...... }

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　　1、从One的一方关联到Many的一方：

　　查找出球员所属的球队，可以使用以下语句：

1	SELECT DISTINCT t FROM Team t JOIN t.players p where p. name LIKE : name

　　或者使用以下语句：

1	SELECT DISTINCT t FROM Team t, IN (t.players) p WHERE p. name LIKE : name

　　上面两条语句是等价的，产生的SQL语句如下：

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select      distinct team0_.id as id0_,      team0_. name as name0_ from      team team0_ inner join      player players1_          on team0_.id=players1_.team_id where      players1_. name like ?

　　从SQL语句中可以看到team inner join 到player。inner join要求右边的表达式必须有返回值。

　　不能使用以下语句：

1	SELECT DISTINCT t FROM Team t  WHERE t.players. name LIKE : name

　　不能使用t.players.name这样的方式从集合中取值，要使用join或者in才行。

　　2、从Many的一方关联到One的一方：

　　查找出某个球队下的所有球员，可以使用以下查询语句：

1	SELECT p FROM Player p JOIN p.team t WHERE t.id = :id

　　或者使用以下语句：

1	SELECT p FROM Player p, IN (p.team) t WHERE t.id = :id

　　这两条查询语句是等价的，产生的SQL语句如下：(产生了两条SQL)

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Hibernate:      select          player0_.id as id1_,          player0_. name as name1_,          player0_.team_id as team3_1_      from          player player0_      inner join          team team1_              on player0_.team_id=team1_.id      where          team1_.id=? Hibernate:      select          team0_.id as id2_0_,          team0_. name as name2_0_      from          team team0_      where          team0_.id=?

　　从Many关联到One的查询，还可以使用以下的查询语句：

1	SELECT p FROM Player p WHERE p.team.id = :id

　　这条语句产生的SQL如下：(产生了两条SQL)

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Hibernate:      select          player0_.id as id1_,          player0_. name as name1_,          player0_.team_id as team3_1_      from          player player0_      where          player0_.team_id=? Hibernate:      select          team0_.id as id0_0_,          team0_. name as name0_0_      from          team team0

　　

　　以上从Many到One的关联查询都产生了两条SQL，还可以使用join fetch只产生一条SQL语句。查询语句如下：

1	SELECT p FROM Player p JOIN FETCH p.team t WHERE t.id = :id

　　这条查询语句产生的SQL如下：

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Hibernate:      select          player0_.id as id1_0_,          team1_.id as id2_1_,          player0_. name as name1_0_,          player0_.team_id as team3_1_0_,          team1_. name as name2_1_      from          player player0_      inner join          team team1_              on player0_.team_id=team1_.id      where          team1_.id=?