转载:http://blog.csdn.net/yueliangdao0608/article/details/49760213
JSON是一种轻量级的数据交换格式,采用了独立于语言的文本格式,类似XML,但是比XML简单,易读并且易编写。对机器来说易于解析和生成,并且会减少网络带宽的传输。<br> JSON的格式非常简单:名称/键值。之前MySQL版本里面要实现这样的存储,要么用VARCHAR要么用TEXT大文本。 MySQL5.7发布后,专门设计了JSON数据类型以及关于这种类型的检索以及其他函数解析。 我们先看看MySQL老版本的JSON存取。<br><br><br>示例表结构:<br><br><div class="dp-highlighter bg_sql"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[sql]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 289px; top: 489px; width: 16px; height: 16px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_1" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_1" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=1&width=16&height=16" wmode="transparent" width="16" height="16" align="middle"></div></span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-sql"><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">CREATE</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">TABLE</span><span> json_test( </span></span></li><li class=""><span>id <span class="keyword">INT</span><span>, </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>person_desc TEXT </span></li><li class=""><span>)ENGINE INNODB; </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre name="code" class="sql" style="display: none;">CREATE TABLE json_test(
id INT,
person_desc TEXT
)ENGINE INNODB;
我们来插入一条记录:
I
- NSERT INTO json_test VALUES (1,’{
- ”programmers”: [{
- ”firstName”: “Brett”,
- ”lastName”: “McLaughlin”,
- ”email”: “aaaa”
- }, {
- ”firstName”: “Jason”,
- ”lastName”: “Hunter”,
- ”email”: “bbbb”
- }, {
- ”firstName”: “Elliotte”,
- ”lastName”: “Harold”,
- ”email”: “cccc”
- }],
- ”authors”: [{
- ”firstName”: “Isaac”,
- ”lastName”: “Asimov”,
- ”genre”: “sciencefiction”
- }, {
- ”firstName”: “Tad”,
- ”lastName”: “Williams”,
- ”genre”: “fantasy”
- }, {
- ”firstName”: “Frank”,
- ”lastName”: “Peretti”,
- ”genre”: “christianfiction”
- }],
- ”musicians”: [{
- ”firstName”: “Eric”,
- ”lastName”: “Clapton”,
- ”instrument”: “guitar”
- }, {
- ”firstName”: “Sergei”,
- ”lastName”: “Rachmaninoff”,
- ”instrument”: “piano”
- }]
- }’);
NSERT INTO json_test VALUES (1,'{
"programmers": [{
"firstName": "Brett",
"lastName": "McLaughlin",
"email": "aaaa"
}, {
"firstName": "Jason",
"lastName": "Hunter",
"email": "bbbb"
}, {
"firstName": "Elliotte",
"lastName": "Harold",
"email": "cccc"
}],
"authors": [{
"firstName": "Isaac",
"lastName": "Asimov",
"genre": "sciencefiction"
}, {
"firstName": "Tad",
"lastName": "Williams",
"genre": "fantasy"
}, {
"firstName": "Frank",
"lastName": "Peretti",
"genre": "christianfiction"
}],
"musicians": [{
"firstName": "Eric",
"lastName": "Clapton",
"instrument": "guitar"
}, {
"firstName": "Sergei",
"lastName": "Rachmaninoff",
"instrument": "piano"
}]
}');
那一般我们遇到这样来存储JSON格式的话,只能把这条记录取出来交个应用程序,有应用程序来解析。
现在到了MySQL5.7,我们重新修改下表结构:
ALTER TABLE json_test MODIFY person_desc json;
先看看插入的这行JSON数据有哪些KEY:
- mysql> SELECT id,json_keys(person_desc) as “keys” FROM json_test\G
- ***************** 1. row *****************
- id: 1
- keys: [”authors”, “musicians”, “programmers”]
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT id,json_keys(person_desc) as "keys" FROM json_test\G
***************** 1. row *****************
id: 1
keys: ["authors", "musicians", "programmers"]
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
我们可以看到,里面有三个KEY,分别为authors,musicians,programmers。那现在找一个KEY把对应的值拿出来:
- mysql> SELECT json_extract(AUTHORS,‘.lastName[0]'</span><span>) </span><span class="keyword">AS</span><span> </span><span class="string">'name'</span><span>, AUTHORS </span><span class="keyword">FROM</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> -> ( </span></li><li class="alt"><span> -> <span class="keyword">SELECT</span><span> id,json_extract(person_desc,</span><span class="string">'.authors[0][0]’) AS “authors” FROM json_test
- -> UNION ALL
- -> SELECT id,json_extract(person_desc,‘.authors[1][0]'</span><span>) </span><span class="keyword">AS</span><span> </span><span class="string">"authors"</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">FROM</span><span> json_test </span></span></li><li class=""><span> -> <span class="keyword">UNION</span><span> </span><span class="op">ALL</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> -> <span class="keyword">SELECT</span><span> id,json_extract(person_desc,</span><span class="string">'.authors[2][0]’) AS “authors” FROM json_test
- -> ) AS T1
- -> ORDER BY NAME DESC\G
- ***************** 1. row *****************
- name: “Williams”
- AUTHORS: {”genre”: “fantasy”, “lastName”: “Williams”, “firstName”: “Tad”}
- ***************** 2. row *****************
- name: “Peretti”
- AUTHORS: {”genre”: “christianfiction”, “lastName”: “Peretti”, “firstName”: “Frank”}
- ***************** 3. row *****************
- name: “Asimov”
- AUTHORS: {”genre”: “sciencefiction”, “lastName”: “Asimov”, “firstName”: “Isaac”}
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT json_extract(AUTHORS,'$.lastName[0]') AS 'name', AUTHORS FROM
-> (
-> SELECT id,json_extract(person_desc,'$.authors[0][0]') AS "authors" FROM json_test
-> UNION ALL
-> SELECT id,json_extract(person_desc,'$.authors[1][0]') AS "authors" FROM json_test
-> UNION ALL
-> SELECT id,json_extract(person_desc,'$.authors[2][0]') AS "authors" FROM json_test
-> ) AS T1
-> ORDER BY NAME DESC\G
***************** 1. row *****************
name: "Williams"
AUTHORS: {"genre": "fantasy", "lastName": "Williams", "firstName": "Tad"}
***************** 2. row *****************
name: "Peretti"
AUTHORS: {"genre": "christianfiction", "lastName": "Peretti", "firstName": "Frank"}
***************** 3. row *****************
name: "Asimov"
AUTHORS: {"genre": "sciencefiction", "lastName": "Asimov", "firstName": "Isaac"}
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
现在来把详细的值罗列出来:
- mysql> SELECT
- -> json_extract(AUTHORS,’.firstName[0]'</span><span>) </span><span class="keyword">AS</span><span> </span><span class="string">"firstname"</span><span>, </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> -> json_extract(AUTHORS,<span class="string">'.lastName[0]’) AS “lastname”,
- -> json_extract(AUTHORS,’.genre[0]'</span><span>) </span><span class="keyword">AS</span><span> </span><span class="string">"genre"</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> -> <span class="keyword">FROM</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> -> ( </span></li><li class="alt"><span> -> <span class="keyword">SELECT</span><span> id,json_extract(person_desc,</span><span class="string">'.authors[0]’) AS “authors” FROM json
- _test
- -> ) AS T\G
- ***************** 1. row *****************
- firstname: ”Isaac”
- lastname: ”Asimov”
- genre: ”sciencefiction”
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT
-> json_extract(AUTHORS,'$.firstName[0]') AS "firstname",
-> json_extract(AUTHORS,'$.lastName[0]') AS "lastname",
-> json_extract(AUTHORS,'$.genre[0]') AS "genre"
-> FROM
-> (
-> SELECT id,json_extract(person_desc,'$.authors[0]') AS "authors" FROM json
_test
-> ) AS T\G
***************** 1. row *****************
firstname: "Isaac"
lastname: "Asimov"
genre: "sciencefiction"
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
我们进一步来演示把authors 这个KEY对应的所有对象删掉。
- mysql> UPDATE json_test
- -> SET person_desc = json_remove(person_desc,‘$.authors’)\G
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
- Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> UPDATE json_test
-> SET person_desc = json_remove(person_desc,'$.authors')\G
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
查找下对应的KEY,发现已经被删除掉了。
- mysql> SELECT json_contains_path(person_desc,‘all’,’.authors'</span><span>) </span><span class="keyword">as</span><span> authors_exist </span></span></li><li class=""><span>s <span class="keyword">FROM</span><span> json_test\G </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>*************************** 1. row *************************** </span></li><li class=""><span>authors_exists: 0 </span></li><li class="alt"><span>1 row <span class="op">in</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">set</span><span> (0.00 sec) </span></span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre name="code" class="sql" style="display: none;">mysql> SELECT json_contains_path(person_desc,'all','.authors’) as authors_exist
s FROM json_test\G
***************** 1. row *****************
authors_exists: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
总结下, 虽然MySQL5.7 开始支持JSON数据类型,但是我建议如果要使用的话,最好是把这样的值取出来,然后在应用程序段来计算,毕竟数据库是用来处理简单数据的。