用java启动windows命令行程序 (转载)

先请编译和运行下面程序：

import java.util.*;

import java.io.*;

public class BadExecJavac2

{

    public static void main(String args[])

    {

        try

        {            

            Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();

            Process proc = rt.exec("javac");

            int exitVal = proc.waitFor();

            System.out.println("Process exitValue: " + exitVal);

        } catch (Throwable t){

            t.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

}

   我们知道javac命令，当不带参数运行javac程序时，它将输出帮助说明，为什么上面程序不产生任何输出并挂起，永不完成呢？java文档上说,由于有些本地平台为标准输入和输出流所提供的缓冲区大小有限,如果不能及时写入子进程的输入流或者读取子进程的输出流,可能导致子进程阻塞,甚至陷入死锁。所以，上面的程序应改写为：

import java.util.*;

import java.io.*;

public class MediocreExecJavac

{

    public static void main(String args[])

    {

        try

        {            

            Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();

            Process proc = rt.exec("javac");

            InputStream stderr = proc.getErrorStream();

            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(stderr);

            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);

            String line = null;

            System.out.println("<ERROR>");

            while ( (line = br.readLine()) != null)

                System.out.println(line);

            System.out.println("</ERROR>");

            int exitVal = proc.waitFor();

            System.out.println("Process exitValue: " + exitVal);

        } catch (Throwable t){

            t.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

}

下面是正确的输出：

D:\java>java   MediocreExecJavac

<ERROR>

Usage: javac <options> <source files>

where possible options include:

  -g                         Generate all debugging info

  -g:none                    Generate no debugging info

  -g:{lines,vars,source}     Generate only some debugging info

  -nowarn                    Generate no warnings

  -verbose                   Output messages about what the compiler is doing

  -deprecation               Output source locations where deprecated APIs are used

  -classpath <path>          Specify where to find user class files

  -cp <path>                 Specify where to find user class files

  -sourcepath <path>         Specify where to find input source files

  -bootclasspath <path>      Override location of bootstrap class files

  -extdirs <dirs>            Override location of installed extensions

  -endorseddirs <dirs>       Override location of endorsed standards path

  -d <directory>             Specify where to place generated class files

  -encoding <encoding>       Specify character encoding used by source files

  -source <release>          Provide source compatibility with specified release

  -target <release>          Generate class files for specific VM version

  -version                   Version information

  -help                      Print a synopsis of standard options

  -X                         Print a synopsis of nonstandard options

  -J<flag>                   Pass <flag> directly to the runtime system

</ERROR>

Process exitValue: 2

D:\java>

   下面是一个更一般的程序，它用两个线程同步清空标准错误流和标准输出流，并能根据你所使用的windows操作系统选择windows命令解释器command.com或cmd.exe,然后执行你提供的命令。

import java.util.*;

import java.io.*;

class StreamGobbler extends Thread

{

    InputStream is;

    String type;  //输出流的类型ERROR或OUTPUT

    StreamGobbler(InputStream is, String type)

    {

        this.is = is;

        this.type = type;

    }

    public void run()

    {

        try

        {

            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);

            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);

            String line=null;

            while ( (line = br.readLine()) != null)

            {

                System.out.println(type + ">" + line);

                System.out.flush();

            }

            } catch (IOException ioe)

              {

                ioe.printStackTrace();  

              }

    }

}

public class GoodWindowsExec

{

    public static void main(String args[])

    {

        if (args.length < 1)

        {

            System.out.println("USAGE: java GoodWindowsExec <cmd>");

            System.exit(1);

        }

        try

        {            

            String osName = System.getProperty("os.name" );

            System.out.println("osName: " + osName);

            String[] cmd = new String[3];

            if(osName.equals("Windows XP") ||osName.equals("Windows 2000"))

            {

                cmd[0] = "cmd.exe" ;

                cmd[1] = "/C" ;

                cmd[2] = args[0];

            }

            else if( osName.equals( "Windows 98" ) )

            {

                cmd[0] = "command.com" ;

                cmd[1] = "/C" ;

                cmd[2] = args[0];

            }

            Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();

            System.out.println("Execing " + cmd[0] + " " + cmd[1]+ " " + cmd[2]);

            Process proc = rt.exec(cmd);

            // any error message?

            StreamGobbler errorGobbler = new StreamGobbler(proc.getErrorStream(), "ERROR");        

            // any output?

            StreamGobbler outputGobbler = new StreamGobbler(proc.getInputStream(), "OUTPUT");

            // kick them off

            errorGobbler.start();

            outputGobbler.start();

            // any error???

            int exitVal = proc.waitFor();

            System.out.println("ExitValue: " + exitVal);

        } catch (Throwable t){

            t.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

}

下面是一个测试结果：

D:\java>java  GoodWindowsExec "copy Test.java Test1.java"

osName: Windows XP

Execing cmd.exe /C copy Test.java Test1.java

OUTPUT>已复制         1 个文件。

ExitValue: 0

D:\java>

下面的测试都能通过(windows xp+jdk1.5)

D:\java>java   GoodWindowsExec dir

D:\java>java   GoodWindowsExec Test.java

D:\java>java   GoodWindowsExec regedit.exe

D:\java>java   GoodWindowsExec NOTEPAD.EXE

D:\java>java   GoodWindowsExec first.ppt

D:\java>java   GoodWindowsExec second.doc