阅读本文大约需要 12 分钟
概述
前言
bokeh
pyecharts
前言
前段时间有读者向我反映，想看看数据可视化方面的文章，这不？现在就开始写了，如果你想看哪些方面的文章，可以通过留言或者后台告诉我。数据可视化的第三方库挺多的，这里我主要推荐两个，分别是 bokeh、pyecharts。如果我的文章对你有帮助，欢迎关注、点赞、转发，这样我会更有动力做原创分享。
bokeh
这里展示一下常用的图表，详细的文档可查看（https://bokeh.pydata.org/en/latest/docs/user_guide/categorical.html）
条形图
from bokeh.io import show, output_file
from bokeh.models import ColumnDataSource
from bokeh.palettes import Spectral6
from bokeh.plotting import figure
output_file("colormapped_bars.html")# 配置输出文件名
fruits = ['Apples', '魅族', 'OPPO', 'VIVO', '小米', '华为'] # 数据
counts = [5, 3, 4, 2, 4, 6] # 数据
source = ColumnDataSource(data=dict(fruits=fruits, counts=counts, color=Spectral6))
p = figure(x_range=fruits, y_range=(0,9), plot_height=250, title="Fruit Counts",
toolbar_location=None, tools="")# 条形图配置项
p.vbar(x='fruits', top='counts', width=0.9, color='color', legend="fruits", source=source)
p.xgrid.grid_line_color = None # 配置网格线颜色
p.legend.orientation = "horizontal" # 图表方向为水平方向
p.legend.location = "top_center"
show(p) # 展示图表
年度条形图
from bokeh.io import show, output_file
from bokeh.models import ColumnDataSource, FactorRange
from bokeh.plotting import figure
output_file("bars.html")
fruits = ['Apples', '魅族', 'OPPO', 'VIVO', '小米', '华为']
years = ['2015', '2016', '2017']
data = {'fruits': fruits,
'2015': [2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 4],
'2016': [5, 3, 3, 2, 4, 6],
'2017': [3, 2, 4, 4, 5, 3]}
x = [(fruit, year) for fruit in fruits for year in years]
counts = sum(zip(data['2015'], data['2016'], data['2017']), ())
source = ColumnDataSource(data=dict(x=x, counts=counts))
p = figure(x_range=FactorRange(*x), plot_height=250, title="Fruit Counts by Year",
toolbar_location=None, tools="")
p.vbar(x='x', top='counts', width=0.9, source=source)
p.y_range.start = 0
p.x_range.range_padding = 0.1
p.xaxis.major_label_orientation = 1
p.xgrid.grid_line_color = None
show(p)
饼图
from collections import Counter
from math import pi
import pandas as pd
from bokeh.io import output_file, show
from bokeh.palettes import Category20c
from bokeh.plotting import figure
from bokeh.transform import cumsum
output_file("pie.html")
x = Counter({ # 数据与权重
'中国': 157,
'美国': 93,
'日本': 89,
'巴西': 63,
'德国': 44,
'印度': 42,
'意大利': 40,
'澳大利亚': 35,
'法国': 31,
'西班牙': 29
})
data = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(dict(x), orient='index').reset_index().rename(index=str, columns={0:'value', 'index':'country'})
data['angle'] = data['value']/sum(x.values()) * 2*pi
data['color'] = Category20c[len(x)]
p = figure(plot_height=350, title="Pie Chart", toolbar_location=None,
tools="hover", tooltips="@country: @value")
p.wedge(x=0, y=1, radius=0.4,
start_angle=cumsum('angle', include_zero=True), end_angle=cumsum('angle'),
line_color="white", fill_color='color', legend='country', source=data)
p.axis.axis_label=None
p.axis.visible=False
p.grid.grid_line_color = None # 网格线颜色
show(p)
条形图
from bokeh.io import output_file, show
from bokeh.models import ColumnDataSource
from bokeh.palettes import GnBu3, OrRd3
from bokeh.plotting import figure
output_file("stacked_split.html")
fruits = ['Apples', 'Pears', 'Nectarines', 'Plums', 'Grapes', 'Strawberries']
years = ["2015", "2016", "2017"]
exports = {'fruits': fruits,
'2015': [2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 4],
'2016': [5, 3, 4, 2, 4, 6],
'2017': [3, 2, 4, 4, 5, 3]}
imports = {'fruits': fruits,
'2015': [-1, 0, -1, -3, -2, -1],
'2016': [-2, -1, -3, -1, -2, -2],
'2017': [-1, -2, -1, 0, -2, -2]}
p = figure(y_range=fruits, plot_height=250, x_range=(-16, 16), title="Fruit import/export, by year",
toolbar_location=None)
p.hbar_stack(years, y='fruits', height=0.9, color=GnBu3, source=ColumnDataSource(exports),
legend=["%s exports" % x for x in years])
p.hbar_stack(years, y='fruits', height=0.9, color=OrRd3, source=ColumnDataSource(imports),
legend=["%s imports" % x for x in years])
p.y_range.range_padding = 0.1
p.ygrid.grid_line_color = None
p.legend.location = "top_left"
p.axis.minor_tick_line_color = None
p.outline_line_color = None
show(p)
散点图
from bokeh.plotting import figure, output_file, show
output_file("line.html")
p = figure(plot_width=400, plot_height=400)
p.circle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 2, 4, 5], size=20, color="navy", alpha=0.5)
show(p)
六边形图
import numpy as np
from bokeh.io import output_file, show
from bokeh.plotting import figure
from bokeh.util.hex import axial_to_cartesian
output_file("hex_coords.html")
q = np.array([0, 0, 0, -1, -1, 1, 1])
r = np.array([0, -1, 1, 0, 1, -1, 0])
p = figure(plot_width=400, plot_height=400, toolbar_location=None) #
p.grid.visible = False # 配置网格是否可见
p.hex_tile(q, r, size=1, fill_color=["firebrick"] * 3 + ["navy"] * 4,
line_color="white", alpha=0.5)
x, y = axial_to_cartesian(q, r, 1, "pointytop")
p.text(x, y, text=["(%d, %d)" % (q, r) for (q, r) in zip(q, r)],
text_baseline="middle", text_align="center")
show(p)
元素周期表
pyecharts
pyecharts 也是一个比较常用的数据可视化库，用得也是比较多的了，是百度 echarts 库的 python 支持。这里也展示一下常用的图表。文档地址为（http://pyecharts.org/#/zh-cn/prepare?id=%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85-pyecharts）
条形图
from pyecharts import Bar
bar = Bar("我的第一个图表", "这里是副标题")
bar.add("服装", ["衬衫", "羊毛衫", "雪纺衫", "裤子", "高跟鞋", "袜子"], [5, 20, 36, 10, 75, 90])
# bar.print_echarts_options() # 该行只为了打印配置项，方便调试时使用
bar.render() # 生成本地 HTML 文件
散点图
from pyecharts import Polar
import random
data_1 = [(10, random.randint(1, 100)) for i in range(300)]
data_2 = [(11, random.randint(1, 100)) for i in range(300)]
polar = Polar("极坐标系-散点图示例", width=1200, height=600)
polar.add("", data_1, type='scatter')
polar.add("", data_2, type='scatter')
polar.render()
饼图
import random
from pyecharts import Pie
attr = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F']
pie = Pie("饼图示例", width=1000, height=600)
pie.add(
"",
attr,
[random.randint(0, 100) for _ in range(6)],
radius=[50, 55],
center=[25, 50],
is_random=True,
)
pie.add(
"",
attr,
[random.randint(20, 100) for _ in range(6)],
radius=[0, 45],
center=[25, 50],
rosetype="area",
)
pie.add(
"",
attr,
[random.randint(0, 100) for _ in range(6)],
radius=[50, 55],
center=[65, 50],
is_random=True,
)
pie.add(
"",
attr,
[random.randint(20, 100) for _ in range(6)],
radius=[0, 45],
center=[65, 50],
rosetype="radius",
)
pie.render()
词云
from pyecharts import WordCloud
name = ['Sam S Club'] # 词条
value = [10000] # 权重
wordcloud = WordCloud(width=1300, height=620)
wordcloud.add("", name, value, word_size_range=[20, 100])
wordcloud.render()
树图
后记
大概介绍就是这样了，总体也不是很难，按照文档来修改数据都能够直接上手使用。主要是多练习。
公众号「zone7」
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