類別可以定義在另一個類別之中,這樣的類別稱之為巢狀類別或內部類別,內部類別只被外部包裹的類別所見,當某個Slave類別完全只服務於一個 Master類別時,您可以將之設定為內部類別,如此使用Master類別的人就不用知道Slave的存在。
一個巢狀類別通常宣告在"private"區域,也可以宣告在"protected"或"public"區域,一個宣告的例子如下:
以下是個巢狀類別的簡單示範:
在巢狀類別結構中,外部類別不能存取內部類別的私用成員,如果想要存取內部類別的私用成員的話,必須宣告外部類別為friend,例如:
同樣的,內部類別不可存取外部類別的私用成員,如果要存取私用成員的話,必須宣告其為friend,例如:
存取外部類別的非靜態成員時,必須透過物件、指標或是參考,而不是直接呼叫。
您也可以將內部類別獨立定義在一個檔案中,例如:
一個巢狀類別通常宣告在"private"區域,也可以宣告在"protected"或"public"區域,一個宣告的例子如下:
class OuterClass {
private:
class InnerClass {
// ....
};
};
private:
class InnerClass {
// ....
};
};
以下是個巢狀類別的簡單示範:
- PointDemo.h
class PointDemo { public: PointDemo(int); ~PointDemo(); void show(); private: // Nested Class class Point { public: Point(); Point(int, int); int x() { return _x; } int y() { return _y; } void x(int x) { _x = x; } void y(int y) { _y = y; } private: int _x; int _y; }; Point **_points; int _length; };
- PointDemo.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "PointDemo.h" using namespace std; // 實作內部類別 PointDemo::Point::Point() { _x = 0; _y = 0; } // 實作內部類別 PointDemo::Point::Point(int x, int y) { _x = x; _y = y; } PointDemo::PointDemo(int length) : _length(length) { _points = new Point*[_length]; for(int i = 0; i < _length; i++) { _points[i] = new Point(); _points[i]->x(i*5); _points[i]->y(i*5); } } void PointDemo::show() { for(int i = 0; i < _length; i++) { cout << "(x, y) = (" << _points[i]->x() << ", " << _points[i]->y() << ")" << endl; } } PointDemo::~PointDemo() { for(int i = 0; i < _length; i++) { delete _points[i]; } delete [] _points; }
- main.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "PointDemo.h" using namespace std; int main() { PointDemo demo(10); demo.show(); return 0; }
(x, y) = (0, 0) (x, y) = (5, 5) (x, y) = (10, 10) (x, y) = (15, 15) (x, y) = (20, 20) (x, y) = (25, 25) (x, y) = (30, 30) (x, y) = (35, 35) (x, y) = (40, 40) (x, y) = (45, 45) |
在巢狀類別結構中,外部類別不能存取內部類別的私用成員,如果想要存取內部類別的私用成員的話,必須宣告外部類別為friend,例如:
class PointDemo {
...
private:
// Nested Class
class Point {
friend class PointDemo;
....
};
....
};
...
private:
// Nested Class
class Point {
friend class PointDemo;
....
};
....
};
同樣的,內部類別不可存取外部類別的私用成員,如果要存取私用成員的話,必須宣告其為friend,例如:
class PointDemo {
public:
...
friend class Point;
private:
// Nested Class
class Point {
....
};
....
};
public:
...
friend class Point;
private:
// Nested Class
class Point {
....
};
....
};
存取外部類別的非靜態成員時,必須透過物件、指標或是參考,而不是直接呼叫。
您也可以將內部類別獨立定義在一個檔案中,例如:
- PointDemo.h
class PointDemo { public: PointDemo(int); ~PointDemo(); void show(); private: // Nested Class class Point; Point **_points; int _length; };
- Point.h
class PointDemo::Point { public: Point(); Point(int, int); int x() { return _x; } int y() { return _y; } void x(int x) { _x = x; } void y(int y) { _y = y; } private: int _x; int _y; };
- PointDemo.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "PointDemo.h" #include "Point.h" using namespace std; PointDemo::PointDemo(int length) : _length(length) { _points = new Point*[_length]; for(int i = 0; i < _length; i++) { _points[i] = new Point(); _points[i]->x(i*5); _points[i]->y(i*5); } } void PointDemo::show() { for(int i = 0; i < _length; i++) { cout << "(x, y) = (" << _points[i]->x() << ", " << _points[i]->y() << ")" << endl; } } PointDemo::~PointDemo() { for(int i = 0; i < _length; i++) { delete _points[i]; } delete [] _points; }
- Point.cpp
#include "PointDemo.h" #include "Point.h" PointDemo::Point::Point() { _x = 0; _y = 0; } PointDemo::Point::Point(int x, int y) { _x = x; _y = y; }原文出处:http://openhome.cc/Gossip/CppGossip/NestedClasses.html