摘要: 本文主要讲解HttpContext的使用
首先是一个Servlet用于本次试验。
package com.lu.controller;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class RirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(out);
// 记录返回的内容
String returnContent = null;
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
String user = (String) session.getAttribute("username");
// 如果不为空,说明已登录
if (user != null) {
returnContent = "you have been logined, " + user;
} else {
// 为空说明未登录,设置username到session中
String username = request.getParameter("username");
session.setAttribute("username", username);
returnContent = "login success";
}
try {
pw.println(returnContent);
} finally {
pw.close();
out.close();
}
}
}
在本机中访问URI为:http://localhost:8080/spiderweb/RirectServlet
下面看请求
package com.lu.test;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
public class HttpClientTest {
private static HttpContext localContext = new BasicHttpContext();
private static HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext
.adapt(localContext);
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
// 模拟表单
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "**"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,
"UTF-8");
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(
"http://localhost:8080/spiderweb/RirectServlet");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
// 将HttpClientContext传入execute()中
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost,
context);
try {
HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
} finally {
response.close();
}
} finally {
httpClient.close();
}
CloseableHttpClient httpClient2 = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(
"http://localhost:8080/spiderweb/RirectServlet");
// 设置相同的HttpClientContext
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient2.execute(httpGet,
context);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
} finally {
response.close();
}
} finally {
httpClient2.close();
}
}
}
输出结果为:
login success
you have been logined, **
可能大家认为这个结果很正常。第一次登陆了,第二次肯定会输出you have been logined, **。但是大家别忘了,现在不是在浏览器环境下,浏览器会帮你提取服务器传回的sessionId并在你下次请求的时候传给服务器,那么两次请求用的就是同一个session对象,那么自然的就会有上面的输出。
但是现在是在自己写代码访问。我们没有获取sessionId,也没有向服务器传送sessionId,那么两次请求服务器就会为你创建两个sessionId不同的session对象。
那为什么输出结果却是跟浏览器得到的结果一样呢?肯定是什么东西为我们自动完成了获取sessionId传送sessionId的功能。毫无疑问,就是context。 BasicHttpContext里有个Map<Object,Object>的对象用来记录一次请求响应的信息,当响应信息返回时,就会被set到context里,当然响应的cookie信息也就被存储在context里,包括传回的sessionId。
当第二次请求的时候传入相同的context,那么请求的过程中会将context里的sessionId提取出来传给服务器,sessionId一样,自然而然的就是同一个session对象。
那么大家明白context的作用了吗?
按照官方教程的说法来说:
代表一个逻辑相关的会话的多个请求序列应该具有相同的HttpContext实例以确保请求之间的信息状态的自动传播
这是看到一篇对context解释最浅显易懂的文章,由于没有看到原文出处没法加,如有雷同请私信。