非递归遍历二叉树的方法

三种二叉树遍历

递归

---

前序遍历-递归

//前序遍历
void preorder(TreeNode *root, vector<int> &path)
{
    if(root != NULL)
    {
        path.push_back(root->val);
        preorder(root->left, path);
        preorder(root->right, path);
    }
}

中序遍历-递归

//中序遍历
void inorder(TreeNode *root, vector<int> &path)
{
    if(root != NULL)
    {
        inorder(root->left, path);
        path.push_back(root->val);
        inorder(root->right, path);
    }
}

后序遍历-递归

//后续遍历
void postorder(TreeNode *root, vector<int> &path)
{
    if(root != NULL)
    {
        postorder(root->left, path);
        postorder(root->right, path);
        path.push_back(root->val);
    }
}

非递归-传统

---

前序遍历-非递归-传统

//非递归前序遍历
void preorderTraversal(TreeNode *root, vector<int> &res)
{
    stack<TreeNode *> stk;
    TreeNode *p = root;
    while(p || stk.size()){
        while(p){
            res.push_back(p->val);
            stk.push(p);
            p = p->left;
        }
        
        if(stk.size()){
            p = s.top();
            s.pop();
            p = p->right;
        }
    }
}

中序遍历-非递归-传统

//非递归中序遍历
void inorderTraversal(TreeNode *root, vector<int> &path)
{
    stack<TreeNode *> s;
    TreeNode *p = root;
    while(p != NULL || !s.empty())
    {
        while(p != NULL)
        {
            s.push(p);
            p = p->left;
        }
        if(!s.empty())
        {
            p = s.top();
            path.push_back(p->val);
            s.pop();
            p = p->right;
        }
    }
}

后序遍历-非递归-传统

//非递归后序遍历-迭代
void postorderTraversal(TreeNode *root, vector<int> &path)
{
    stack<TempNode *> s;
    TreeNode *p = root;
    TempNode *temp;
    while(p != NULL || !s.empty())
    {
        while(p != NULL) //沿左子树一直往下搜索，直至出现没有左子树的结点
        {
            TreeNode *tempNode = new TreeNode;
            tempNode->btnode = p;
            tempNode->isFirst = true;
            s.push(tempNode);
            p = p->left;
        }
        if(!s.empty())
        {
            temp = s.top();
            s.pop();
            if(temp->isFirst == true)   //表示是第一次出现在栈顶
            {
                temp->isFirst = false;
                s.push(temp);
                p = temp->btnode->right;
            }
            else  //第二次出现在栈顶
            {
                path.push_back(temp->btnode->val);
                p = NULL;
            }
        }
    }
}

非递归-简化版

前序遍历-非递归-简化版

//更简单的非递归前序遍历
void preorderTraversalNew(TreeNode *root, vector<int> &path)
{
    stack< pair<TreeNode *, bool> > s;
    s.push(make_pair(root, false));
    bool visited;
    while(!s.empty())
    {
        root = s.top().first;
        visited = s.top().second;
        s.pop();
        if(root == NULL)
            continue;
        if(visited)
        {
            path.push_back(root->val);
        }
        else
        {	
            s.push(make_pair(root->right, false));
            s.push(make_pair(root->left, false));
            s.push(make_pair(root, true));
        }
    }
}

中序遍历-非递归-简化版

//更简单的非递归中序遍历
void inorderTraversalNew(TreeNode *root, vector<int> &path)
{
    stack< pair<TreeNode *, bool> > s;
    s.push(make_pair(root, false));
    bool visited;
    while(!s.empty())
    {
        root = s.top().first;
        visited = s.top().second;
        s.pop();
        if(root == NULL)
            continue;
        if(visited)
        {
            path.push_back(root->val);
        }
        else
        {
            s.push(make_pair(root->right, false));
            s.push(make_pair(root, true));
            s.push(make_pair(root->left, false));
        }
    }
}

后序遍历-非递归-简化版

//更简单的非递归后序遍历
void postorderTraversalNew(TreeNode *root, vector<int> &path)
{
    stack< pair<TreeNode *, bool> > s;
    s.push(make_pair(root, false));
    bool visited;
    while(!s.empty())
    {
        root = s.top().first;
        visited = s.top().second;
        s.pop();
        if(root == NULL)
            continue;
        if(visited)
        {
            path.push_back(root->val);
        }
        else
        {
            s.push(make_pair(root, true));
            s.push(make_pair(root->right, false));
            s.push(make_pair(root->left, false));
        }
    }
}

其中前序遍历可以再次简化，不需要visited控制

void preorderTraversalNew(TreeNode *root, vector<int> &path)
{
    stack<TreeNode *> s;
    s.push(root);
    while(!s.empty())
    {
        root = s.top();
        s.pop();
        if(root == NULL)
        {
            continue;
        }
        else
        {
            path.push_back(root->val);
            s.push(root->right);
            s.push(root->left);
        }
    }
}