Java解决排列组合问题——深度优先遍历

转载自https://blog.csdn.net/Ring_k/article/details/79575533

问题1：

假设袋子里有编号为1,2,…,m这m个球。现在每次从袋子中取一个球几下编号，放回袋中再取，取n次作为一组，枚举所有可能的情况。

分析：
每一次取都有m种可能的情况，因此一共有m^n种情况。

这里我们取m = 3, n = 4，则有3^4=81种不同的情况。

代码：

import java.util.Stack;
 
public class Test {
    static int cnt = 0;
    static Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<Integer>();

/**
 * 递归方法，当实际选取的小球数目与要求选取的小球数目相同时，跳出递归
 * @param minv - 小球编号的最小值
 * @param maxv - 小球编号的最大值
 * @param curnum - 当前已经确定的小球的个数
 * @param maxnum - 要选取的小球的数目
 */
public static void kase1(int minv,int maxv,int curnum, int maxnum){
    if(curnum == maxnum){
        cnt++;
        System.out.println(s);
        return;
    }

    for(int i = minv; i <= maxv; i++){
        s.push(i);
        kase1(minv, maxv, curnum+1, maxnum);
        s.pop();
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args){
    kase1(1, 3, 0, 4);
    System.out.println(cnt);
    }
}

输出：

[1, 1, 1, 1]
[1, 1, 1, 2]
[1, 1, 1, 3]
[1, 1, 2, 1]
[1, 1, 2, 2]
[1, 1, 2, 3]
[1, 1, 3, 1]
[1, 1, 3, 2]
[1, 1, 3, 3]
[1, 2, 1, 1]
[1, 2, 1, 2]
[1, 2, 1, 3]
[1, 2, 2, 1]
[1, 2, 2, 2]
[1, 2, 2, 3]
[1, 2, 3, 1]
[1, 2, 3, 2]
[1, 2, 3, 3]
[1, 3, 1, 1]
[1, 3, 1, 2]
[1, 3, 1, 3]
[1, 3, 2, 1]
[1, 3, 2, 2]
[1, 3, 2, 3]
[1, 3, 3, 1]
[1, 3, 3, 2]
[1, 3, 3, 3]
[2, 1, 1, 1]
[2, 1, 1, 2]
[2, 1, 1, 3]
[2, 1, 2, 1]
[2, 1, 2, 2]
[2, 1, 2, 3]
[2, 1, 3, 1]
[2, 1, 3, 2]
[2, 1, 3, 3]
[2, 2, 1, 1]
[2, 2, 1, 2]
[2, 2, 1, 3]
[2, 2, 2, 1]
[2, 2, 2, 2]
[2, 2, 2, 3]
[2, 2, 3, 1]
[2, 2, 3, 2]
[2, 2, 3, 3]
[2, 3, 1, 1]
[2, 3, 1, 2]
[2, 3, 1, 3]
[2, 3, 2, 1]
[2, 3, 2, 2]
[2, 3, 2, 3]
[2, 3, 3, 1]
[2, 3, 3, 2]
[2, 3, 3, 3]
[3, 1, 1, 1]
[3, 1, 1, 2]
[3, 1, 1, 3]
[3, 1, 2, 1]
[3, 1, 2, 2]
[3, 1, 2, 3]
[3, 1, 3, 1]
[3, 1, 3, 2]
[3, 1, 3, 3]
[3, 2, 1, 1]
[3, 2, 1, 2]
[3, 2, 1, 3]
[3, 2, 2, 1]
[3, 2, 2, 2]
[3, 2, 2, 3]
[3, 2, 3, 1]
[3, 2, 3, 2]
[3, 2, 3, 3]
[3, 3, 1, 1]
[3, 3, 1, 2]
[3, 3, 1, 3]
[3, 3, 2, 1]
[3, 3, 2, 2]
[3, 3, 2, 3]
[3, 3, 3, 1]
[3, 3, 3, 2]
[3, 3, 3, 3]
81

问题2：

假设袋子里有编号为1,2,…,m这m个球。先后从袋子中取出n个球，依次记录编号，枚举所有可能的情况。

分析：
这是排列问题，应该有A(m,n)种情况。

这里取m = 5, n = 3，A(5,3)=60。

和问题1相比，唯一的区别是排列中不可以有重复。因此开了used数组用以标记是否已经访问。

代码：

import java.util.Stack;
 
public class Test {
    static int cnt = 0;
    static Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<Integer>();
    static boolean[] used = new boolean[10000];
 
    /**
 * 递归方法，当实际选取的小球数目与要求选取的小球数目相同时，跳出递归
 * @param minv - 小球编号的最小值
 * @param maxv - 小球编号的最大值
 * @param curnum - 当前已经确定的小球的个数
 * @param maxnum - 要选取的小球的数目
 */
public static void kase2(int minv,int maxv,int curnum, int maxnum){
    if(curnum == maxnum){
        cnt++;
        System.out.println(s);
        return;
    }

    for(int i = minv; i <= maxv; i++){
        if(!used[i]){
            s.push(i);
            used[i] = true;
            kase2(minv, maxv, curnum+1, maxnum);
            s.pop();
            used[i] = false;
        }
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args){
    kase2(1, 5, 0, 3);
    System.out.println(cnt);
    }
}

输出：

[1, 2, 3]
[1, 2, 4]
[1, 2, 5]
[1, 3, 2]
[1, 3, 4]
[1, 3, 5]
[1, 4, 2]
[1, 4, 3]
[1, 4, 5]
[1, 5, 2]
[1, 5, 3]
[1, 5, 4]
[2, 1, 3]
[2, 1, 4]
[2, 1, 5]
[2, 3, 1]
[2, 3, 4]
[2, 3, 5]
[2, 4, 1]
[2, 4, 3]
[2, 4, 5]
[2, 5, 1]
[2, 5, 3]
[2, 5, 4]
[3, 1, 2]
[3, 1, 4]
[3, 1, 5]
[3, 2, 1]
[3, 2, 4]
[3, 2, 5]
[3, 4, 1]
[3, 4, 2]
[3, 4, 5]
[3, 5, 1]
[3, 5, 2]
[3, 5, 4]
[4, 1, 2]
[4, 1, 3]
[4, 1, 5]
[4, 2, 1]
[4, 2, 3]
[4, 2, 5]
[4, 3, 1]
[4, 3, 2]
[4, 3, 5]
[4, 5, 1]
[4, 5, 2]
[4, 5, 3]
[5, 1, 2]
[5, 1, 3]
[5, 1, 4]
[5, 2, 1]
[5, 2, 3]
[5, 2, 4]
[5, 3, 1]
[5, 3, 2]
[5, 3, 4]
[5, 4, 1]
[5, 4, 2]
[5, 4, 3]
60

问题3：

从m个球里（编号为1,2,3…,m）一次取n个球，其中m>n，记录取出球的编号，枚举所有的可能性。

分析：
这是组合问题。因该有C(m,n)种可能性。

这里，我们取m = 8, n = 4. 因此有C(8,4)=70种可能。

代码：

import java.util.Stack;
 
public class Test {
    static int cnt = 0;
    static Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<Integer>();
 
    /**
     * 递归方法，当前已抽取的

小球个数与要求抽取小球个数相同时，退出递归
     * @param curnum - 当前已经抓取的小球数目
     * @param curmaxv - 当前已经抓取小球中最大的编号
     * @param maxnum - 需要抓取小球的数目
     * @param maxv - 待抓取小球中最大的编号
     */
    public static void kase3(int curnum, int curmaxv,  int maxnum, int maxv){
        if(curnum == maxnum){
            cnt++;
            System.out.println(s);
            return;
        }
 
        for(int i = curmaxv + 1; i <= maxv; i++){ // i <= maxv - maxnum + curnum + 1
            s.push(i);
            kase3(curnum + 1, i, maxnum, maxv);
            s.pop();
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args){
        kase3(0, 0, 4, 8);
        System.out.println(cnt);
    }
}

输出：

[1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 5]
[1, 2, 3, 6]
[1, 2, 3, 7]
[1, 2, 3, 8]
[1, 2, 4, 5]
[1, 2, 4, 6]
[1, 2, 4, 7]
[1, 2, 4, 8]
[1, 2, 5, 6]
[1, 2, 5, 7]
[1, 2, 5, 8]
[1, 2, 6, 7]
[1, 2, 6, 8]
[1, 2, 7, 8]
[1, 3, 4, 5]
[1, 3, 4, 6]
[1, 3, 4, 7]
[1, 3, 4, 8]
[1, 3, 5, 6]
[1, 3, 5, 7]
[1, 3, 5, 8]
[1, 3, 6, 7]
[1, 3, 6, 8]
[1, 3, 7, 8]
[1, 4, 5, 6]
[1, 4, 5, 7]
[1, 4, 5, 8]
[1, 4, 6, 7]
[1, 4, 6, 8]
[1, 4, 7, 8]
[1, 5, 6, 7]
[1, 5, 6, 8]
[1, 5, 7, 8]
[1, 6, 7, 8]
[2, 3, 4, 5]
[2, 3, 4, 6]
[2, 3, 4, 7]
[2, 3, 4, 8]
[2, 3, 5, 6]
[2, 3, 5, 7]
[2, 3, 5, 8]
[2, 3, 6, 7]
[2, 3, 6, 8]
[2, 3, 7, 8]
[2, 4, 5, 6]
[2, 4, 5, 7]
[2, 4, 5, 8]
[2, 4, 6, 7]
[2, 4, 6, 8]
[2, 4, 7, 8]
[2, 5, 6, 7]
[2, 5, 6, 8]
[2, 5, 7, 8]
[2, 6, 7, 8]
[3, 4, 5, 6]
[3, 4, 5, 7]
[3, 4, 5, 8]
[3, 4, 6, 7]
[3, 4, 6, 8]
[3, 4, 7, 8]
[3, 5, 6, 7]
[3, 5, 6, 8]
[3, 5, 7, 8]
[3, 6, 7, 8]
[4, 5, 6, 7]
[4, 5, 6, 8]
[4, 5, 7, 8]
[4, 6, 7, 8]
[5, 6, 7, 8]
70