快速排序和归并排序

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-27 16:33:15 发布

zt557

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-27 16:33:15 发布

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文章标签：排序算法算法数据结构

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zt557/article/details/130154244

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文章详细展示了如何使用递归和迭代方法实现快速排序和归并排序算法。快速排序的递归版本通过PartSort3函数确定枢轴，而迭代版本使用栈来模拟递归过程。归并排序则分别展示了递归和迭代的实现，递归版通过分治策略进行排序，迭代版逐步合并子数组。内存管理方面，归并排序需要额外的临时数组。

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快速排序递归

int GetMidNumi(int* a, int left, int right)
{
	int mid = (left + right) / 2;
	if (a[left] < a[mid])
	{
		if (a[mid] < a[right])
		{
			return mid;
		}
		else if (a[left] > a[right])
		{
			return left;
		}
		else
		{
			return right;
		}
	}
	else // a[left] > a[mid]
	{
		if (a[mid] > a[right])
		{
			return mid;
		}
		else if (a[left] < a[right])
		{
			return left;
		}
		else
		{
			return right;
		}
	}
}

int PartSort3(int* a, int left, int right)
{
	// 三数取中
	int midi = GetMidNumi(a, left, right);
	if (midi != left)
		Swap(&a[midi], &a[left]);

	int keyi = left;

	int prev = left;
	int cur = left + 1;
	while (cur <= right)
	{
		if (a[cur] < a[keyi] && ++prev != cur)
			Swap(&a[cur], &a[prev]);

		++cur;
	}

	Swap(&a[prev], &a[keyi]);
	keyi = prev;

	return keyi;
}

void QuickSort(int* a, int left, int right)
{
	if (left >= right)
		return;

	int keyi = PartSort3(a, left, right);
	QuickSort(a, left, keyi - 1);
	QuickSort(a, keyi + 1, right);
}

迭代，用栈。这里的ST即为栈

void QuickSortNonR(int* a, int left, int right)
{
	ST st;
	STInit(&st);
	STPush(&st, right);
	STPush(&st, left);

	while (!STEmpty(&st))
	{
		int begin = STTop(&st);
		STPop(&st);
		int end = STTop(&st);
		STPop(&st);

		int keyi = PartSort3(a, begin, end);
		// [begin,keyi-1] keyi [keyi+1, end]
		if (keyi + 1 < end)
		{
			STPush(&st, end);
			STPush(&st, keyi+1);
		}

		if (begin < keyi-1)
		{
			STPush(&st, keyi-1);
			STPush(&st, begin);
		}
	}

	STDestroy(&st);
}

归并排序递归

void _MergeSort(int* a, int begin, int end, int* tmp)
{
	if (begin >= end)
		return;

	int mid = (begin + end) / 2;
	// [begin, mid] [mid+1,end]，子区间递归排序
	_MergeSort(a, begin, mid, tmp);
	_MergeSort(a, mid+1, end, tmp);

	// [begin, mid] [mid+1,end]归并
	int begin1 = begin, end1 = mid;
	int begin2 = mid+1, end2 = end;
	int i = begin;
	while (begin1 <= end1 && begin2 <= end2)
	{
		if (a[begin1] < a[begin2])
		{
			tmp[i++] = a[begin1++];
		}
		else
		{
			tmp[i++] = a[begin2++];
		}
	}

	while (begin1 <= end1)
	{
		tmp[i++] = a[begin1++];
	}

	while (begin2 <= end2)
	{
		tmp[i++] = a[begin2++];
	}

	memcpy(a + begin, tmp + begin, sizeof(int) * (end - begin + 1));
}

void MergeSort(int* a, int n)
{
	int* tmp = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * n);
	if (tmp == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc fail\n");
		return;
	}

	_MergeSort(a, 0, n - 1, tmp);

	free(tmp);
}

迭代法

void MergeSortNonR(int* a, int n)
{
	int* tmp = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * n);
	if (tmp == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc fail\n");
		return;
	}

	int gap = 1;
	while (gap < n)
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i += 2 * gap)
		{
			// [begin1,end1][begin2, end2]
			int begin1 = i, end1 = i + gap - 1;
			int begin2 = i + gap, end2 = i + 2 * gap - 1;
			//printf("[%d,%d][%d,%d] ", begin1, end1,begin2,end2);

			if (end1 >= n || begin2 >= n)
			{
				break;
			}

			if (end2 >= n)
			{
				end2 = n - 1;
			}

			printf("[%d,%d][%d,%d] ", begin1, end1, begin2, end2);

			int j = i;
			while (begin1 <= end1 && begin2 <= end2)
			{
				if (a[begin1] < a[begin2])
				{
					tmp[j++] = a[begin1++];
				}
				else
				{
					tmp[j++] = a[begin2++];
				}
			}

			while (begin1 <= end1)
			{
				tmp[j++] = a[begin1++];
			}

			while (begin2 <= end2)
			{
				tmp[j++] = a[begin2++];
			}

			// 归并一部门拷贝一部分
			memcpy(a+i, tmp+i, sizeof(int) *(end2-i+1));
		}

		printf("\n");

		gap *= 2;
	}

	free(tmp);
}