(OK) Docker中使用固定IP——docker run -i -t --rm --net='none'

Docker中使用固定IP

2014-12-11

默认情况下启动一个container，其会自动获取一个跟docker0同网段的IP，而且重启container其IP一般会发生变化，但有时候我们会需要固定的IP。要实现这个并不困难。

docker run启动一个container的命令有一个--net的参数用于指定container的网络类型

--net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container     'bridge': creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge     'none': no networking for this container     'container:<name|id>': reuses another container network stack     'host': use the host network stack inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure.

docker默认使用'bridge'来设置container的网络模式（即从与docker0同网段的未使用的IP中取一个作为container的IP），我们这里使用'none'来实现自己手动配置container的网络。

首先我们以**--net='none'**的方式启动一个container

[yaxin@cube2x ~]$docker run -i -t --rm --net='none' ubuntu /bin/bash
root@db84e747c362:/# ifconfig -a
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

root@db84e747c362:/#

可以看到，由于我们使用'none'模式，container中没有获取到IP，甚至连网卡都没有，下面我们开始给container配置IP

首先获取container的pid（我们需要通过pid获取file descriptor）

[yaxin@cube2x ~]$docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                            COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
db84e747c362        docker.cn/docker/ubuntu:latest   "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes                            sharp_kirch
[yaxin@cube2x ~]$docker inspect -f "{{.State.Pid}}" sharp_kirch
23090

ip-netns的man page中有这样一句

By convention a named network namespace is an object at /var/run/netns/NAME that can be opened. The file descriptor resulting from opening/var/run/netns/NAME refers to the specified network namespace

因而我们需要创建一个链接

[yaxin@cube2x ~]$sudo ln -s /proc/23090/ns/net /var/run/netns/23090

然后创建一对端到端的网卡，将 veth_db84e747c3绑定到docker0网桥，并启动。将另一块网卡 X放到container内部

[yaxin@cube2x ~]$sudo ip link add veth_db84e747c3 type veth peer name X
[yaxin@cube2x ~]$sudo brctl addif docker0 veth_db84e747c3
[yaxin@cube2x ~]$sudo ip link set veth_db84e747c3 up
[yaxin@cube2x ~]$sudo ip link set X netns 23090

这时查看container的IP，会发现多了一个名为X的网卡

root@db84e747c362:/# ifconfig  -a
X         Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 5a:7e:4d:ba:63:1c  
          BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

root@db84e747c362:/#

然后对container内部新添加的网卡进行配置（可以通过man ip-netns更详细查看）

[yaxin@cube2x ~]$sudo ip netns exec 23090 ip link set dev X name eth0
[yaxin@cube2x ~]$sudo ip netns exec 23090 ip link set eth0 up
[yaxin@cube2x ~]$sudo ip netns exec 23090 ip addr add 172.17.111.10/16 dev eth0
[yaxin@cube2x ~]$sudo ip netns exec 23090 ip route add default via 172.17.42.1

注意: 指定给container的IP必须跟docker0在同一网段,且给container的网关应该为docker0的IP

最后，写成shell脚本如下:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# filename: bind_addr.sh

if [ `id -u` -ne 0 ];then
    echo '必须使用root权限'
    exit
fi

if [ $# != 2 ]; then
    echo "使用方法: $0 容器名字 IP"
    exit 1
fi

container_name=$1
bind_ip=$2

container_id=`docker inspect -f '{{.Id}}' $container_name 2> /dev/null`
if [ ! $container_id ];then
    echo "容器不存在"
    exit 2
fi
bind_ip=`echo $bind_ip | egrep '^(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])$'`
if [ ! $bind_ip ];then
    echo "IP地址格式不正确"
    exit 3
fi

container_minid=`echo $container_id | cut -c 1-10`
container_netmask=`ip addr show docker0 | grep "inet\b" | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d / -f2`
container_gw=`ip addr show docker0 | grep "inet\b" | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d / -f1`

bridge_name="veth_$container_minid"
container_ip=$bind_ip/$container_netmask
pid=`docker inspect -f '{{.State.Pid}}' $container_name 2> /dev/null`
if [ ! $pid ];then
    echo "获取容器$container_name的id失败"
    exit 4
fi

if [ ! -d /var/run/netns ];then
    mkdir -p /var/run/netns
fi

ln -sf /proc/$pid/ns/net /var/run/netns/$pid

ip link add $bridge_name type veth peer name X
brctl addif docker0 $bridge_name
ip link set $bridge_name up
ip link set X netns $pid
ip netns exec $pid ip link set dev X name eth0
ip netns exec $pid ip link set eth0 up
ip netns exec $pid ip addr add $container_ip dev eth0
ip netns exec $pid ip route add default via $container_gw