jsp 工作原理

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-09 13:13:15 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-09 13:13:15 发布

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分类专栏： jsp 文章标签： jsp 工作原理 html java

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JSP全称是Java Server Pages，它和servle技术一样，都是SUN公司定义的一种用于开发动态web资源的技术。
　　JSP这门技术的最大的特点在于，写jsp就像在写html，但它相比html而言，html只能为用户提供静态数据，而Jsp技术允许在页面中嵌套java代码，为用户提供动态数据。
[b][size=large]JSP原理[/size][/b]
[size=medium]Web服务器是如何调用并执行一个jsp页面的？[/size]
　　浏览器向服务器发请求，不管访问的是什么资源，其实都是在访问Servlet，所以当访问一个jsp页面时，其实也是在访问一个Servlet，服务器在执行jsp的时候，首先把jsp翻译成一个Servlet，所以我们访问jsp时，其实不是在访问jsp，而是在访问jsp翻译过后的那个Servlet，例如下面的代码：
index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 <%
 String path = request.getContextPath();
 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
 %>

 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 <html>
   <head>
     <base href="<%=basePath%>">     
     <title>First Jsp</title>     
  </head>   
   <body>
     <%
         out.print("Hello Jsp");
     %>
   </body>
 </html>

当我们通过浏览器访问index.jsp时，服务器首先将index.jsp翻译成一个index_jsp.class，在Tomcat服务器的[color=red]work\Catalina\localhost\项目名\org\apache\jsp[/color]目录下可以看到index_jsp.class的源代码文件[color=red]index_jsp.java[/color]
index_jsp.java的代码如下：

package org.apache.jsp;

 import javax.servlet.*;
 import javax.servlet.http.*;
 import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
 import java.util.*;

 public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
     implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {

   private static final JspFactory _jspxFactory = JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();

   private static java.util.List _jspx_dependants;

   private javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
   private org.apache.AnnotationProcessor _jsp_annotationprocessor;

   public Object getDependants() {
     return _jspx_dependants;
   }

   public void _jspInit() {
     _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
     _jsp_annotationprocessor = (org.apache.AnnotationProcessor) getServletConfig().getServletContext().getAttribute(org.apache.AnnotationProcessor.class.getName());
   }

   public void _jspDestroy() {
   }

   public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
         throws java.io.IOException, ServletException {

     PageContext pageContext = null;
     HttpSession session = null;
     ServletContext application = null;
     ServletConfig config = null;
     JspWriter out = null;
     Object page = this;
     JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
     PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;


     try {
       response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
       pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
                   null, true, 8192, true);
       _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
       application = pageContext.getServletContext();
       config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
       session = pageContext.getSession();
       out = pageContext.getOut();
       _jspx_out = out;

       out.write('\r');
       out.write('\n'); 
 String path = request.getContextPath();
 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";

       out.write("\r\n");
       out.write("\r\n");
       out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");
       out.write("<html>\r\n");
       out.write("  <head>\r\n");
       out.write("    <base href=\"");
       out.print(basePath);
       out.write("\">\r\n");
       out.write("    \r\n");
       out.write("    <title>First Jsp</title>\r\n");
       out.write("\t\r\n");
       out.write("  </head>\r\n");
       out.write("  \r\n");
       out.write("  <body>\r\n");
       out.write("    ");

         out.print("Hello Jsp");

       out.write("\r\n");
       out.write("  </body>\r\n");
       out.write("</html>\r\n");
     } catch (Throwable t) {
       if (!(t instanceof SkipPageException)){
         out = _jspx_out;
         if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
           try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
         if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
       }
     } finally {
       _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
     }
   }
 }

我们可以看到，index_jsp这个类是继承 org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase这个类的，通过查看Tomcat服务器的源代码，可以知道在[color=red]apache-tomcat-6.0.20-src\java\org\apache\jasper\runtime[/color]目录下存HttpJspBase这个类的源代码文件
我们可以看看HttpJsBase这个类的源代码，如下所示：

/*
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  * 
  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  * 
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */

 package org.apache.jasper.runtime;

 import java.io.IOException;

 import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 import javax.servlet.jsp.HttpJspPage;
 import javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory;

 import org.apache.jasper.compiler.Localizer;

 /**
  * This is the super class of all JSP-generated servlets.
  *
  * @author Anil K. Vijendran
  */
 public abstract class HttpJspBase 
     extends HttpServlet 
     implements HttpJspPage 


 {

     protected HttpJspBase() {
     }

     public final void init(ServletConfig config) 
     throws ServletException n
     {
         super.init(config);
         jspInit();
         _jspInit();
    }

     public String getServletInfo() {
     return Localizer.getMessage("jsp.engine.info");
     }

     public final void destroy() {
     jspDestroy();
     _jspDestroy();
     }

     /**
      * Entry point into service.
      */
     public final void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
     throws ServletException, IOException 
     {
         _jspService(request, response);
     }

     public void jspInit() {
     }

     public void _jspInit() {
     }

     public void jspDestroy() {
     }

     protected void _jspDestroy() {
     }

     public abstract void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, 
                      HttpServletResponse response) 
     throws ServletException, IOException;
 }

HttpJspBase类是继承HttpServlet的，所以HttpJspBase类是一个Servlet，而index_jsp又是继承HttpJspBase类的，所以index_jsp类也是一个Servlet，所以当浏览器访问服务器上的index.jsp页面时，其实就是在访问index_jsp这个Servlet，index_jsp这个Servlet使用_jspService这个方法处理请求。

[size=medium]Jsp页面中的html排版标签是如何被发送到客户端的？[/size]

浏览器接收到的这些数据

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 <html>
   <head>
     <base href="http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Jsp_Study_20140603/">

     <title>First Jsp</title>

   </head>

   <body>
     Hello Jsp
   </body>
 </html>

都是在_jspService方法中使用如下的代码输出给浏览器的：


 out.write('\r');
 out.write('\n'); 
 String path = request.getContextPath();
 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";

       out.write("\r\n");
       out.write("\r\n");
       out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");
       out.write("<html>\r\n");
       out.write("  <head>\r\n");
       out.write("    <base href=\"");
       out.print(basePath);
       out.write("\">\r\n");
       out.write("    \r\n");
       out.write("    <title>First Jsp</title>\r\n");
       out.write("\t\r\n");
       out.write("  </head>\r\n");
       out.write("  \r\n");
       out.write("  <body>\r\n");
       out.write("    ");

       out.print("Hello Jsp");

       out.write("\r\n");
       out.write("  </body>\r\n");
       out.write("</html>\r\n");

　　在jsp中编写的java代码和html代码都会被翻译到_jspService方法中去，在jsp中编写的java代码会原封不动地翻译成java代码，如<%out.print("Hello Jsp");%>直接翻译成out.print("Hello Jsp");，而HTML代码则会翻译成使用out.write("<html标签>\r\n");的形式输出到浏览器。在jsp页面中编写的html排版标签都是以out.write("<html标签>\r\n");的形式输出到浏览器，浏览器拿到html代码后才能够解析执行html代码。

[size=medium]Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是如何执行的？[/size]

　　在jsp中编写的java代码会被翻译到_jspService方法中去，当执行_jspService方法处理请求时，就会执行在jsp编写的java代码了，所以Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是通过调用_jspService方法处理请求时执行的。

[size=medium]Web服务器在调用jsp时，会给jsp提供一些什么java对象？[/size]、

　　查看_jspService方法可以看到，Web服务器在调用jsp时，会给Jsp提供如下的8个java对象

PageContext pageContext;
 HttpSession session;
 ServletContext application;
 ServletConfig config;
 JspWriter out;
 Object page = this;
 HttpServletRequest request, 
 HttpServletResponse response

　　其中page对象，request和response已经完成了实例化，而其它5个没有实例化的对象通过下面的方式实例化

pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,null, true, 8192, true);
 application = pageContext.getServletContext();
 config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
 session = pageContext.getSession();
 out = pageContext.getOut();

这8个java对象在Jsp页面中是可以直接使用的，如下所示：


 <%
         session.setAttribute("name", "session对象");//使用session对象,设置session对象的属性
          out.print(session.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//获取session对象的属性
          pageContext.setAttribute("name", "pageContext对象");//使用pageContext对象,设置pageContext对象的属性
          out.print(pageContext.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//获取pageContext对象的属性
         application.setAttribute("name", "application对象");//使用application对象,设置application对象的属性
         out.print(application.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//获取application对象的属性
         out.print("Hello Jsp"+"<br/>");//使用out对象
         out.print("服务器调用index.jsp页面时翻译成的类的名字是："+page.getClass()+"<br/>");//使用page对象
         out.print("处理请求的Servlet的名字是："+config.getServletName()+"<br/>");//使用config对象
         out.print(response.getContentType()+"<br/>");//使用response对象
         out.print(request.getContextPath()+"<br/>");//使用request对象
 %>

[size=medium]Tomcat服务器的执行流程[/size]
第一次执行：

客户端通过电脑连接服务器，因为是请求是动态的，所以所有的请求交给WEB容器来处理
在容器中找到需要执行的*.jsp文件
之后*.jsp文件通过转换变为*.java文件
*.java文件经过编译后，形成*.class文件
最终服务器要执行形成的*.class文件

第二次执行：

因为已经存在了*.class文件，所以不在需要转换和编译的过程

修改后执行：

1.源文件已经被修改过了，所以需要重新转换，重新编译。