MongoDB查询

返回所有的键	find()	> db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518ae1b1d802f6252d90e7b"), "emails" : [  "joe@example.com",  "joe@gmail.com",  "joe@yahoo.com",  "joe@hotmail.com",  "joe@php.net",  "joe@python.org" ], "username" : "joe" } { "_id" : ObjectId("5518f4711d802f6252d90e81"), "username" : "bob", "emails" : [ "bob@example.com", "bob@gmail.com" ] }
返回指定的键	find( {}, {"username":1, "emails":1})	> db.users.find({}, {"username":1}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5518ae1b1d802f6252d90e7b"), "username" : "joe" } { "_id" : ObjectId("5518f4711d802f6252d90e81"), "username" : "bob" }
返回不希望含有指定的键	find( {} , {"username":0})	> db.users.find({}, {"username":0}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5518ae1b1d802f6252d90e7b"), "emails" : [  "joe@example.com",  "joe@gmail.com",  "joe@yahoo.com",  "joe@hotmail.com",  "joe@php.net",  "joe@python.org" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("5518f4711d802f6252d90e81"), "emails" : [ "bob@example.com", "bob@gmail.com" ] }
条件查询
大于等于: $gte		db.users.find({"age" : {"$gte" : 18, "$lte" : 30}})
大于$gt
小于$lt		> start = new Date("01/01/2007") > db.users.find({"registered" : {"$lt" : start}})
小于等于$lte
不等于$ne	db.users.find({"username" : {"$ne" : "joe"}})	> db.users.find({username:{$ne:"joe"}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5518f4711d802f6252d90e81"), "username" : "bob", "emails" : [ "bob@example.com", "bob@gmail.com" ] }
AND查询，即多个条件的组合	> db.users.find({"username" : "joe", "age" : 27})
OR查询
$in	查询一个键的多个值，	> db.users.find({username:{$in:["joe", "bob"]}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5518ae1b1d802f6252d90e7b"), "emails" : [  "joe@example.com",  "joe@gmail.com",  "joe@yahoo.com",  "joe@hotmail.com",  "joe@php.net",  "joe@python.org" ], "username" : "joe" } { "_id" : ObjectId("5518f4711d802f6252d90e81"), "username" : "bob", "emails" : [ "bob@example.com", "bob@gmail.com" ] }
	$in可以指定不同类型的数据	> db.users.find({"user_id" : {"$in" : [12345, "joe"]})
$nin	与$in相对	> db.users.find({username:{$nin:["bob"]}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5518ae1b1d802f6252d90e7b"), "emails" : [  "joe@example.com",  "joe@gmail.com",  "joe@yahoo.com",  "joe@hotmail.com",  "joe@php.net",  "joe@python.org" ], "username" : "joe" }
$or		> db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5518ae1b1d802f6252d90e7b"), "emails" : [  "joe@example.com",  "joe@gmail.com",  "joe@yahoo.com",  "joe@hotmail.com",  "joe@php.net",  "joe@python.org" ], "username" : "joe" } { "_id" : ObjectId("5518f4711d802f6252d90e81"), "username" : "bob", "emails" : [ "bob@example.com", "bob@gmail.com" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("551907fc1d802f6252d90e86"), "username" : "jim", "emails" : [ "jim@gmail.com", "jim@hotmail.com" ] } > db.users.find({$or:[{username:"joe"},{username: "bob"}]}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5518ae1b1d802f6252d90e7b"), "emails" : [  "joe@example.com",  "joe@gmail.com",  "joe@yahoo.com",  "joe@hotmail.com",  "joe@php.net",  "joe@python.org" ], "username" : "joe" } { "_id" : ObjectId("5518f4711d802f6252d90e81"), "username" : "bob", "emails" : [ "bob@example.com", "bob@gmail.com" ] }
$not	$not是元条件，即可以在任何其他条件之上	> db.users.find({username:{$not:{$in:["joe", "bob"]}}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("551907fc1d802f6252d90e86"), "username" : "jim", "emails" : [ "jim@gmail.com", "jim@hotmail.com" ] }
数组查询
$all	通过多个元素来匹配数组:找出包含"apple", "banana"的文档	> db.food.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("551913ce1d802f6252d90e87"), "fruit" : [ "banana", "apple", "orange" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("551914241d802f6252d90e88"), "fruit" : [ "banana", "apple", "cherry" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("5519142f1d802f6252d90e89"), "fruit" : [ "peach", "apple", "cherry" ] } > db.food.find({fruit:{$all:["apple", "banana"]}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("551913ce1d802f6252d90e87"), "fruit" : [ "banana", "apple", "orange" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("551914241d802f6252d90e88"), "fruit" : [ "banana", "apple", "cherry" ] }
查询数组下标指定的元素	数组下标是以0开始的	> db.food.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("551913ce1d802f6252d90e87"), "fruit" : [ "banana", "apple", "orange" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("551914241d802f6252d90e88"), "fruit" : [ "banana", "apple", "cherry" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("5519142f1d802f6252d90e89"), "fruit" : [ "peach", "apple", "cherry" ] } > db.food.find({"fruit.2":"cherry"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("551914241d802f6252d90e88"), "fruit" : [ "banana", "apple", "cherry" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("5519142f1d802f6252d90e89"), "fruit" : [ "peach", "apple", "cherry" ] }
$size	查询指定长度的数组，$size不能和其他查询子句组合，比如$gt；解决的方法是增加一个字段count，每次增加($puah)一个元素时，增一($inc)，但这种方法不能和$addToSet组合	> db.food.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("551913ce1d802f6252d90e87"), "fruit" : [ "banana", "apple", "orange" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("551914241d802f6252d90e88"), "fruit" : [ "banana", "apple", "cherry" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("5519142f1d802f6252d90e89"), "fruit" : [ "peach", "apple", "cherry" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("55192c3a1d802f6252d90e8a"), "fruit" : [ "peach", "cherry" ] } > db.food.find({fruit:{$size:2}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("55192c3a1d802f6252d90e8a"), "fruit" : [ "peach", "cherry" ] }
$slice	$slice返回数组的一个子集; 返回前面3行comments  db.blog.posts.findOne({}, {comments:{$slice:3}})； 返回后面3行comments db.blog.posts.findOne({}, {comments:{$slice:-3}}) 返回后面1～3行comments db.blog.posts.findOne({}, {comments:{$slice:[1, 3]}})	> db.blog.posts.findOne({}, {comments:{$slice:3}}) {  "_id" : ObjectId("5518b70d1d802f6252d90e7f"),  "comments" : [   {    "comment" : "good post",    "votes" : 1   },   {    "comment" : "i thought it was too short",    "author" : "Claire",    "votes" : 3   },   {    "author" : "Jim",    "comment" : "free watches",    "votes" : -1   }  ],  "content" : "...",  "title" : "A blog" }
内嵌文档的查询	采用 "name.first" 这种方式可以指定一个字段查询	> db.people.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("55193a202dda99b3237676bf"), "name" : { "first" : "Joe", "last" : "Schmoe" }, "age" : 45 } > db.people.find({"name.first": "Joe"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("55193a202dda99b3237676bf"), "name" : { "first" : "Joe", "last" : "Schmoe" }, "age" : 45 }
	采用 {name:{first:"Joe", last:"Schmoe"}} 这种方式要指定内嵌文档中所有的字段	> db.people.find({name:{first:"Joe", last:"Schmoe"}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("55193a202dda99b3237676bf"), "name" : { "first" : "Joe", "last" : "Schmoe" }, "age" : 45 }

参考资料: 《MongoDB权威指南》