英文翻译_自卸汽车

Dump truck
自卸汽车

A dump truck or production dump truck is a vehicle used to transport bulk materials (such as sand, gravel, and garbage) used in construction.
一辆自卸车或者生产用自卸车是用来运输建筑用的散料（例如：沙、砾石和垃圾）的汽车。

Special dump trucks require a hydraulically inclined cargo box at the back, the front of which can be lifted to allow the goods to be stacked behind the delivery car.
专用自卸车要求后面有液压倾斜的货箱，它的前部可以被举起让货物堆放在送货的汽车后面。

In the UK, these cars are only allowed on off-road sites, and road cars are considered dump trucks.
在英国，这种汽车只允许在非公路场地用，并且公路车被认为是自卸车。

A standard dump truck is a vehicle chassis with a dump box installed on the frame.
标准自卸车是在车架上安装了自卸车箱的整车底盘。

The carriage is lifted by a hydraulic cylinder mounted in front of the bulkhead, between the cab (traction unit) and the carriage (trailer).
车厢被安装在舱壁前面的液压缸举起，液压缸位于驾驶室（牵引单元）和车厢（挂车）之间。

A standard dump truck has one front axle, one or more typical rear axle with two rear wheels on each side, two rear axles with ten wheels, and four axles with three rear axles.
标准的自卸车有一个前桥、一个或者更多每边都有双后轮的典型后桥，两个后桥十个车轮，并且四车轴有三个后桥。

These are found mainly in central cities and the South.
这些主要在中部城市和南方见到。

Standard dump trucks with short wheelbases are more maneuverable than semi-trailer dump trucks with higher storage capacity.
短轴距的标准自卸车比更高的储存容量半挂车自卸车更具机动性。

Off-highway tippers are closer to construction equipment or engineering vehicles than road vehicles.
非公路自卸车比公路用车更接近与建设设备或工程汽车。

They are strictly required for use in mining and off-highway heavy duty applications.
它们被严格要求运用于采矿和非公路的重型场合。

Dump trucks are not often used in the mining and construction industries.
自卸车并不经常被用于采矿业和建筑业。

In most of the United States, this strictly off-highway vehicle is a transfer truck, such as its typical stage and side, showing how materials are unloaded when loaded.
在大部分的美国，这种严格意义上的非公路汽车是转运卡车，例如它典型的地步和侧面，介绍了当被装上后的材料是如何被卸载的。

In the description of the carriage of the transfer truck, Liebherr T282b truck when unloading cargo to the rear, designates this particular vehicle as the transfer truck of the year.
在转运卡车的车厢的说明里，利勃海尔T282b货车货物时卸载到后方的，指定这个特别的车辆作为年转运卡车。

There are some examples where several trailers (road trains) are pulled by a truck walking on the road.
有一些例子，几个拖车（公路列车）是由一辆在道路上行走的卡车牵引。

The only remaining example is the hauler, described as a combination coal car, which is made by the kress company.
剩下的唯一的例子是被形容为组合煤车hauler是由kress公司制造的。

This high-capacity truck is used to transport coal from a loading unit directly to a power station or bulk storage area.
这个大容量的卡车是用来从一个加载装置直接向电力站或散装储存区运输煤炭的。

Many winter service vehicle units are based on dump trucks, which are laid out with ballast to add weight to the truck or spread salt on the road.
许多冬季服务车辆单位的基础是自卸卡车，通过布置压载物来增加卡车的重量或将盐散布在道路上。

A semi dump truck is a combination tractor and trailer in which the trailer itself contains a hydraulic hoist.
一个半挂自卸车是一个拖拉机与挂车的组合，其中拖车本身包含液压启闭机。

A typical semi dump truck has a 3-axle tractor pulling a 2-axle semi.
一个典型的半挂自卸车有一个3轴拖拉机牵引2轴半挂车。

The key advantage is the quick unloading of a semi-mounted dump truck.
关键的优势是一个半挂自卸车可快速的卸载。

A key disadvantage is that they are very unstable when dumping goods, which limits their application in many situations, such as the dumping site is uneven.
一个关键的缺点是它们在倾卸货物时很不稳定，这限制了它在许多场合的应用，如倾卸的场地是不平的。

Tractors and cars are complex automatic walking machines, it is composed of different interacting mechanical devices and equipment, so as to form a certain combination, tractors are mainly composed of the following parts, do not consider the special design features, all tractors are by the engine, drive mechanism, vehicle transmission, steering and suspension device mechanism, steering device, working accessories, auxiliary equipment.
拖拉机和汽车都是复杂的自动行走机器，它由不同的相互作用的机械装置和设备组成，从而形成一定的组合，拖拉机主要由以下部分组成，不考虑专门的设计特征，所有的拖拉机是由发动机，驱动机构，汽车传动，转向和悬架装置机构，转向装置，工作附件，辅助设备。

The engine converts thermal energy into mechanical energy.
发动机使热能转变为机械能。

The drive mechanism consists of a set of mechanical devices that transmit the torque output by the crankshaft of the engine and can change the rotational torque in magnitude and direction.
驱动机构由一套机械装置组成，它们能传递由发动机曲轴输出的扭矩并能在大小和方向上改变转动扭矩。

The driving mechanism includes a clutch, a flexible connecting machine, a transmission and a rear axle.
驱动机构包括离合器、柔性连机器、变速器和后轮轴。

The role of the clutch is to make the engine crankshaft out of the transmission for a short time when the driver changes gear, but also to start the tractor is free to transfer energy from the engine to the drive wheel.
离合器的作用是使当司机换挡时使发动机曲轴短时间内脱离变速器，同时也是在启动拖拉机是自如的将能量从发动机传到驱动轮上。

The flexible coupling connects the clutch shaft of the elastic element to the power drive shaft and allows them to have a slight coaxiality.
柔性联轴节把弹性元件离合器轴和功率传动轴连接在一起，并允许它们有轻微的同轴度。

The transmission changes the drive torque and speed of the tractor by engaging multiple pairs of gears, and helps the tractor reverse in order to automatically align the engine crankshaft.
变速器通过啮合多对齿轮来改变驱动扭矩和拖拉机的行驶速度，为了发动机曲轴方向自动保持一致，变速器能帮助拖拉机倒车。

The rear wheel device can increase the driving torque and can change the torque at the right Angle. In most tractors, the rear drive axle consists of a brake. The difference between a high-speed tractor and a low-speed tractor is that the drive mechanism, including the differential, can make the wheel turn at different angular speeds when turning corners or on rough mountain roads.
后轮装置可以提高行驶扭矩并能以合适的角度改变扭矩，在大多数的拖拉机中，后驱动桥由制动器组成，高速拖拉机与低速拖拉机的区别是驱动机构，包括差速器，能使车轮在转弯时或崎岖的山路上以不同的角速度转动。

The left and right wheels can travel different distances in a certain time or the same time.
在一定的时间或相同的时间内左右车轮可以行驶不同的距离。

The operation, steering and suspension mechanism of the car are the needs of the tractor walking, and the rotation of the wheel is related to the ground.
汽车的运转，转向和悬架机构是拖拉机行走的需要，车轮的转动与地面有关。

The steering device is used to change the direction of rotation of the tractor by changing the front wheel or changing the speed.
转向装置用于通过转变前轮或改变速度从而改变拖拉机的转动方向。

Working accessories are the use of the available energy of the tractor's engine to complete different agricultural work, they include power output shaft, pull rod, push device and pulley.
工作附件是利用拖拉机的发动机的可用能量来完成不同的农业工作，它们包括动力输出轴、拉杆、推动装置和皮带轮。

The auxiliary system of the tractor includes the flexible seat in the cab and the heating ventilation device, the engine hood, the ignition device, the direction indicator, the horn, etc.
拖拉机的辅助系统包括驾驶室的弹性座椅和加热通风装置、发动机罩、点火装置、方向指示器、喇叭等。

The arrangement and purpose of the main components of the car are theoretically the same as the arrangement of the rotating tractor. In the car, the transmission mechanism of the car, the driving mechanism, the transmission, steering and suspension mechanism of the car are used to change the direction of the driving and braking, and slow down the speed of the car in the running until the car stops.
汽车主要组成部分的布置和目的在理论上与转动拖拉机的安排在道理上是一样的，在汽车上，汽车的传动机构，驱动机构，汽车的传动，转向，悬架机构是用于改变行驶和制动的方向，放慢行驶中的汽车速度直至汽车停下为止。

The auxiliary devices of the car include the winch pan, the cab, the heating and ventilation device, the traction bar, etc.
汽车的辅助装置包括绞车盘，驾驶室、加热和通风装置、牵引杆等。

The control of the car and its engine and the operation of these devices are monitored by a number of controls and components in front of the cab.
汽车的控制汽车和它的发动机的控制和对这些装置的操作受到驾驶室前面的一些控制件和部件的监控。

In order to start the engine and control its rotation, throttle operating pedals, radiator shutter control handles, choke buttons, ignition switches, and throttle operating pull rods are required.
为了启动发动机并控制其旋转，需要用节流操作踏板、散热器百叶窗控制手柄、阻风门按钮、点火开关和节气门操纵拉杆。

The ignition switch consists of a switch located in any of the following four positions, the middle position - all current consumption is turned off, the first position is also the ignition switch, the second position can be turned on the ignition switch and the motor, the first switch can sound the small horn, wipe the windshield, and turn off the heater and blower heating system.
点火开关由位于以下四个位置的任何一个开关，中间位置——所有的电流消耗被关闭，第一个位置也是点火开关，同样第二个位置可以打开点火开关和开启电动机，第一个开关可以按响小喇叭，擦挡风玻璃，同时关闭加热器和鼓风机的加热系统。

Before starting the engine, it is necessary to check the amount of oil in the indicator, the amount of engine crankcase oil and the amount of fuel in the fuel tank.
在启动发动机前，有必要检查指示器里油液的多少，发动机曲轴箱机油的多少和燃油箱里燃油的多少。

To start a hot engine, place the shift lever in the middle, turn on the ignition, and start the air motor to get the engine running.
要启动一个热的发动机请把换挡杆至于中间的位置，并打开点火开关，并启动气动马达以使发动机运转起来。

To start a cold engine, it is recommended to do the following:
要启动一台冷的发动机，建议按如下操作进行：

Raise the gasoline pressure by starting the hydraulic pump, push the choke button to close the choke, put the shift lever in the center, and step on the clutch to the cab floor by stepping on the clutch, so that the resistance of the clutch can be reduced to make it easier to start the engine, because in this case, the transmission will not be stirred in the enriched oil.
通过启动液压泵提高汽油压力，把阻风门按钮拨到关闭阻风门，把换挡杆置中，通过踩离合器，将离合器踩至驾驶室地面，这样就可以减小离合器的阻力，从而以便于启动发动机，因为在这种情况下，变速器不会在变浓的机油里搅动。

Turn on the ignition switch, start the motor and engine, limit the time to start the engine to last five seconds, if the engine is started, by releasing the ignition switch can be turned off, by pushing the choke button to open the choke, gently press the accelerator pedal to a certain extent can accelerate the engine speed, while gradually release the clutch pedal when the clutch is combined.
打开点火开关，启动电动机和发动机，限制启动发动机的时间持续五秒,如果发动机被开启，通过松开点火开关即可关闭发动机，通过推阻风门按钮打开阻风门，轻轻踩下加速器踏板在一定程度上能加快发动机的转速，同时逐渐放开离合器踏板时离合器结合。

An engine in good condition can easily start with one or two attempts.
一台状态良好的发动机在一两次的尝试下很容易就能启动。

If startup fails, wait at least 30 seconds before another startup.
如果启动失败，请在另一次启动前至少等待30秒。

If you try again and still can't start, check the ignition and fuel supply system, if the problem is on the starter or battery pack, you can use the handle side so that if the engine reverses, you won't get hurt.
如果再试一次仍然无法启动，请检查点火装置和供油系统，如果问题出现在启动器或电池组上，可以采用手柄的一边，这样如果发动机反转就不会受伤。

At low temperatures, close the cooler before starting the engine, fill the cooling unit with hot water, the engine tank is filled with hot oil, or use the starting preheater, close the radiator shutters before turning on the ignition, and then open the rest of the unit as recommended below.
在低温状态下，启动发动机前请关闭冷却器，用热水灌满冷却装置是发动机机油箱充满热的机油或者使用启动预热装置，在打开点火开关之前请关闭散热器百叶窗，然后按以下建议打开其余的装置。

The control of the vehicle includes the clutch pedal, brake pedal, throttle operating pedal, steering wheel, shift lever and parking brake lever.
汽车的控制包括离合器踏板、制动器踏板、节流操作踏板、方向盘、换挡杆和驻车制动杆。

Before starting to drive, please heat the engine at the appropriate speed until the coolant temperature reaches 60 ° C. As the engine gets hot, with the choke fully opened, gradually open the choke and reduce the engine speed, please read the instrument panel to check the operation of the engine.
在开始驾驶之前，请以适当的转速加热发动机直至冷却液温度达到60℃，随着发动机的变热，随着阻风门的全部打开，逐步打开阻风门并降低发动机的转速，请阅读仪表盘仪器以检测发动机的运行情况。

In order to detect the operation of the engine and the car itself, equipment and instruments are often used on the dashboard in front of the driver's seat: thermometers, temperature warning lights, fuel gauges, speed meters, fuel pressure warning lights, ammeters, fuel pressure gauges.
为了检测发动机的运转和汽车自身，常使用被安装在驾驶员座椅前仪表板上的设备和仪表:温度计、温度警告灯、燃油油量计、速度计、燃油压力警告灯、电流表、燃油压力计。

The signal is generated by a toggle switch and a signal switch mounted to the left of the steering column.
信号是由拨动开关和安装在转向柱左边的信号开关产生的。

Turn the turn signal switch down and the left turn signal and rear lights flash, indicating a left turn.
向下转动转向信号开关左转向灯和车后灯就闪烁起来，这样指示将要向左转弯。

And turn up so that the right and rear lights indicate a right turn, and whenever any turn signal is turned on, the turn signal light mounted on the dashboard will flash.
并且向上转动使得右边的灯和车后灯指示右转弯，不管任何时候开启任何一个转向信号灯，安装在仪表板上的转向信号指示灯都将闪烁。

The turn signal automatically turns off when the car is driving straight after a turn.
当汽车转弯后直线行驶时转向信号灯自动关闭。

On the left side of the car floor there is the foot dimmer switch, which is used to turn on the top light from high to low beam and vice versa Main light switch has three positions: 1.
在汽车地板的左边有脚dimmer开关，它是用来从高到底开启顶部的灯beam and vice versa 主灯开关有三个位置：1.

Turn off all lights 2. Turn on side lights, steering wheel lights, rear logo lights, and dashboard lights 3.
所以的灯都关 2.边灯、方向盘灯、后车标灯和仪表板灯都亮 3.

Side lights, overhead lights, rear logo lights, dashboard lights, and steering wheel lights are off.
边灯、头顶灯、后车标灯、仪表盘灯和驾驶方向盘灯都灭。

The dashboard-mounted windscreen wiper and defrosting hairdryer switches can both be turned on by flipping their respective switches clockwise.
安装在仪表盘上的挡风玻璃雨刮器和除霜吹风机开关都可以通过顺时针拨动各自的开关来开启。

The wiper switch has three positions: off, small flow, and large flow.
雨刮器开关有三个位置：关、小流量、和大流量。

Mounted under the instrument panel are the radiator shutter switch control handle and the hood handle.
安装在仪表盘下面的是散热器百叶窗开关控制手柄和车篷手柄。

Pull the handle back to close the radiator shutters, and pull it back to release the hood.
往后拉动手柄可以关上散热器百叶窗，拉回手柄可以释放车篷。

They also have two circuits.
它们同样有两条回路。

When the handle reaches the maximum position on the left, the intake vent is fully open, and when it reaches the maximum position on the right, it is fully closed.
当手柄到达左边最大位置时进气通风口全开，到达右边最大位置时全闭。

When the handle is at the maximum position on the left, the intake valve is fully open, and when the handle is at the maximum position on the right, the intake valve is fully closed.
当手柄在左边最大位置时进气是全开的，当手柄在右边最大位置时进气门全闭。

The final component of the drivetrain on a rear-wheel drive car is the rear drive axle.
在后轮驱动的汽车上传动系的最后部件是后驱动桥。

The engine power is transferred from the transmission to the rear axle via the drive shaft.
发动机功率传递，通过传动轴从变速器传输到后桥。

The drive shaft is basically a metal tube with universal joints at both ends.
该传动轴基本上是一个两端都有万向节的金属管。

These universal joints allow the metal tubes and suspension to follow and keep torque flowing continuously to the rear axle.
这些万向节，使金属管可以和悬架随动和保持转矩不断地流向后桥。

In front-wheel drive cars the drive shaft is integrated into the transmission, thus forming the driveline.
在前轮驱动的汽车中传动轴被集成到了变速器，这样组成了传动系。

The drive shaft or universal drive shaft connects the transmission output shaft to the differential input shaft.
传动轴或万向传动轴，连接变速器输出轴到差速器输入轴。

Because all roads are not perfectly smooth and the transmission is fixed, the drive shaft must be made flexible to absorb the vibration caused by rough roads.
因为所有的道路都不能完全平顺，并且变速器是固定的，传动轴必须做成弹性的以吸收坎坷道路引起的震动。

In general, the "U-joint" allows the drive shaft to bend when the transmission Angle changes.
一般，当传动角变化时“u型接头”允许传动轴弯曲。

The drive shaft is usually hollow in order to reduce weight, but a large diameter so that they have sufficient strength.
传动轴通常是中空的，目的是减轻重量，但一个大的直径，以便他们有足够的强度。

High quality steel and sometimes aluminum can be used to make drive shafts.
高优质钢，有时候铝都可以用于制造传动轴。

The drive shaft must have a high degree of straightness and dynamic balance to avoid vibration.
传动轴必须有很高的直线度和动平衡度，以避免震动。

Because it is usually rotated at engine speed, if the shaft is unbalanced or bent, it can cause a lot of harm, and if the U-shaped connection has been worn it will cause harm.
因为它通常是轮流在发动机速度，如果轴不平衡或弯曲，都可以引起很多的危害，如果u型连接已磨损将引起危害。

Most power steering systems use hydraulic systems to turn the wheels of a car.
大多数的动力转向系统是用液压系统来转动汽车的轮子的。

The oil pressure is usually provided by an engine driven piston pump or a rotary vane pump.
油液压力通常由一个由发动机驱动的活塞泵或者旋转叶片泵来提供。

A two-way hydraulic piston provides pressure to the steering mechanism, which in turn provides torque to the wheels.
一个双向液压活塞向转向机构提供压力，转向机构轮流向车轮提供转矩。

The flow of liquid is controlled by steering wheel operation.
液体的流量由方向盘操作来控制。

There are several common valves that are more complex, but they all allow the steering wheel to turn more easily than opening a simple necessary valve.
有几种普通阀虽然较复杂，但是它们都允许转向轮转动比开启一个简单的必要的阀容易。

This allows the position of the steering wheels to correspond to the position of the car's wheels.
这样可以使转向轮的位置对应汽车车轮的位置。

With the action of the pump, the tire displacement occurs, and the flow rate is directly proportional to the speed of the engine.
随着泵的作用轮胎发生位移，流量直接正比于发动机的转速。

This means that at high engine speeds a restrictor and flow control valve are needed to direct part of the pump output back to the oil pump.
这就意味着在发动机高速时需要一个限流阀和流量控制阀被用来引导一部分泵的输出返回到油液泵。

A pressure relief valve is also used to prevent hazards caused by the pressure built up when the hydraulic cylinder piston reaches the top chamber of the piston cylinder.
一个泄压阀也被用来防止当液压缸活塞到达活塞缸顶部室所建立的压力引起的危险。

Some modern pressure regulators also include an electronic pressure relief valve, which reduces the pressure of the oil in the power steering system as the engine speed rises (this is known as adjustable power steering).
一些现代的调压阀也包含一个电子泄压阀，这个电子泄压阀可以减小动力转向系在发动机转速上升时油液的压力（这就是我们众所周知的可调式动力转向）。