摘 要
迈入21世纪以来,各式各样的产业得到了蓬勃的发展,其中最为关切到普通人本身的便是汽车行业。今天我们将要谈及到的是汽车空调中的核心部件——压缩机。对于大多数人接触到的小型汽车来说,其空调受到空间限制的影响,以及该类汽车发动机往往功率不大,因此我们非常注重的是压缩机运行的效率、尺寸外形和功耗等。针对传统类型压缩机(如曲柄连杆式压缩机)的缺陷,在本设计中我们主要研究斜盘式压缩机中的一种——即双向活塞斜盘式压缩机。本设计主要完成了以下任务:
(1) 对汽车空调压缩机的发展历程作简要阐述,详细介绍汽车空调制冷系统的原理和组成,对目前市场上涡旋式和滑片式这两种类型压缩机的工作原理以及其特性进行详细剖析。
(2) 对双向活塞斜盘式压缩机进行总体设计,包括其原理、结构等。
(3) 对双向活塞斜盘式压缩机的重要组成零部件例如主轴、斜盘、双头活塞、气缸、前后端盖等进行尺寸结构设计,并对其材质以及所选工艺进行详细分析。
(4) 对双向活塞斜盘式压缩机中相关结构进行热力学计算,推导得出主轴、斜盘、活塞之间的运动学以及动力学公式。
在此设计过程中,我借助了SolidWorks、AutoCAD,将所设计产品用三维以及二维的方式表现出来,期间参阅了许多相关文献,并与大学四年所学知识结合起来,不仅提高了相关制图软件的操作能力,更从中学到了很多机械相关的知识。
关键词:汽车空调;压缩机;双向活塞;斜盘式
Since entering the 21st century, various industries have seen vigorous development. Among them, the most concerned about ordinary people is the automotive industry. Today we are going to talk about compressors, the core component of automotive air conditioning. For small cars that most people are exposed to, their air conditioning is affected by space limitations, and the type of car engines are often not very powerful, so we are very much focused on the efficiency of compressor operation, size and shape and power consumption. For the defects of traditional type compressors (such as crank-link compressors), in this design we mainly study one of the swash-plate type compressors, namely two-way piston swash plate type compressors. This design will mainly complete the following tasks:
(1) Briefly expounding the development history of automotive air-conditioning compressors, detailing the principles and components of automotive air-conditioning refrigeration systems, and working principles and characteristics of the two types of compressors: scroll-type and slide-type. Detailed analysis.
(2) The overall design of a two-way piston swash plate type compressor, including its principle, structure, etc.
(3) Dimensional structural design of important components of two-way piston swash plate type compressors such as main shaft, swash plate, double-headed piston, cylinder, front and rear end covers, etc., and detailed analysis of their materials and selected processes.
(4) Thermodynamic calculations are performed on the relevant structures in a two-way piston swash plate type compressor, and the kinematics and dynamic equations between the main shaft, the swash plate, and the piston are deduced.
In this design process, I took advantage of SolidWorks and AutoCAD to express the designed products in 3D and 2D. During the period, I read many related literatures and combined them with the knowledge learned in the university for four years, which not only improved the relevant cartography. The software's operating capability has also learned a lot of machine-related knowledge.
Key words:Automotive Air Conditioning; Compressor; Two-way Piston; Swashplat
目 录
距离汽车出现在人类生活当中已经有一百多年了。随着科技的发展以及人类生活水平的提高,曾经在普通人眼中遥不可及的汽车如今已经成为人们生活中的必需品。汽车的普及加上许许多多高新技术的发展,汽车空调技术应运而生。汽车空调的主要目的是为了在车上营造一个冬暖夏凉的舒适环境,因此驾驶人可以集中注意力驾驶,从而还可以避免许多不必要的交通问题。
1925年,在美国出现了通过加热汽车冷却水从而达到取暖目的的方法。之后世界上第一台完整的汽车空调装置则于1927年问世,它具备了加热器、空气滤清器以及通风机等设备,构成了较为完整的供热系统。当然此时的汽车空调仅仅能做到取暖而已。世界上首个可以进行机械制冷的温度调节装置于1939年诞生——由美国Packard所创。可惜的是,伴随着二战的发生该技术暂停了发展。真正做到汽车空调中的制冷制热一体化就要追溯到1954年,美国于Nash牌轿车上安装了冷暖兼容的空调器,此时的汽车空调具备了自由调节车厢内温度及湿度的功能。但是该空调器仍非完全自动化,它尚且需要人为进行控制过程,毫无疑问让驾驶员的工作量增加了许多,因此随着人们需求的提高,自动控制式空调于1964年诞生,它可以根据事先设定的温度进行工作,传感器收集车厢内外温度信息,从而在一定温度范围内自动进行调节。随着计算机的发展,汽车空调技术与计算机技术相结合,微机控制的汽车空调系统更为人性化、智能化,不仅大大提高了制冷能力,更节约了燃料,人们对于汽车的体验无疑上升了许多个档次。
谈到我国汽车工业,长春第一汽车集团公司无疑是该工业中首屈一指的领先企业,同样作为汽车工业中的一部分,他们的汽车空调技术发展也未曾落下。对于我国近现代来说,红旗轿车无疑是令人自豪的国民品牌,早在19世纪70年代初,由一汽牵头生产的红旗牌轿车就都统统配备了轿车空调。虽然我国空调型汽车起步较晚,但是发展极为迅猛,据统计,1992年到2000年期间,这不到十年的时间我国的空调汽车产量增长4倍有余。
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