Spring 的 HibernateDaoSupport 类的 getSession() 导致的连接泄露问题

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Spring+Hibernate做项目, 发现有member在不加事务的情况下就去调用 getSession() 方法, 结果导致数据库连接不能释放, 也无法正常的提交事务(只能做查询, 不能做save(), update()). 如果配合连接池使用的话, 不出几分钟就会导致连接池无法拿到新连接的情况.

  不过, 只要给DAO或者Service加入了事务, 就不会出现连接泄漏的问题.

  谈谈解决方案:

  最佳方案: 加入事务, 例如 tx 标签或者 @Transactional 都可以.

  最笨方案: 修改代码, 使用 HibernateTemplate 来完成相关操作:


public List queryAll( final String hql, final Object... args) {
 
       List list = getHibernateTemplate().executeFind(new HibernateCallback() {
 
               public Object doInHibernate(Session session)
 
               throws HibernateException, SQLException {
 
               Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
 
              
 
               for(int i =0; i < args.length; i++) {
 
                      query.setParameter(i, args[i]);
 
               }
 
              
 
 
 
               List list = query.list();
 
               return list;
 
               }
 
              });
 
                    
 
       return list;        
 
}
 
 
 
public Serializable save(Object entity) {
 
       return getHibernateTemplate().save(entity);
 
}

但是缺陷显而易见, 要有N多的代码要进行改动.

  HibernateDaoSupport代码里面的原始说明文档指出直接调用getSession()方法必须用配套的releaseSession(Session session)来释放连接, 根据我的测试, 就算配置了 OpenSessionInViewFilter(前提: 不加事务), 也不会关闭这个Session. 也许有人说可以用连接池, 这种情况和Db pool没关系, 用了pool就会发现连接很快就会满, 只会over的更快.  反过来, 如果不配置OpenSessionInViewFilter, 在DAO里提前用 releaseSession()关闭连接, 就可能会在JSP中出现Lazy载入异常. 另一个不配事务的问题就是无法更新或者插入数据. 下面就是原始的JavaDoc中的说明:

/**
 
 * Obtain a Hibernate Session, either from the current transaction or
 
 * a new one. The latter is only allowed if the
 
 * {@link org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate#setAllowCreate "allowCreate"}
 
 * setting of this bean's {@link #setHibernateTemplate HibernateTemplate} is "true".
 
 * <p><b>Note that this is not meant to be invoked from HibernateTemplate code
 
 * but rather just in plain Hibernate code.</b> Either rely on a thread-bound
 
 * Session or use it in combination with {@link #releaseSession}.
 
 * <p>In general, it is recommended to use HibernateTemplate, either with
 
 * the provided convenience operations or with a custom HibernateCallback
 
 * that provides you with a Session to work on. HibernateTemplate will care
 
 * for all resource management and for proper exception conversion.
 
 * @return the Hibernate Session
 
 * @throws DataAccessResourceFailureException if the Session couldn't be created
 
 * @throws IllegalStateException if no thread-bound Session found and allowCreate=false
 
 * @see org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils#getSession(SessionFactory, boolean)
 
 */
 
protected final Session getSession()
 
    throws DataAccessResourceFailureException, IllegalStateException {
 
 
 
       return getSession(this.hibernateTemplate.isAllowCreate());
 
}
 
 
 
/**
 
 * Close the given Hibernate Session, created via this DAO's SessionFactory,
 
 * if it isn't bound to the thread (i.e. isn't a transactional Session).
 
 * <p>Typically used in plain Hibernate code, in combination with
 
 * {@link #getSession} and {@link #convertHibernateAccessException}.
 
 * @param session the Session to close
 
 * @see org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils#releaseSession
 
 */
 
protected final void releaseSession(Session session) {
 
       SessionFactoryUtils.releaseSession(session, getSessionFactory());
 
}

不需要改原始代码的最终方案(方案三):

  不过, 如果项目里已经有了大量直接调用getSession()而且没有加入事务配置的代码(如历史原因导致), 这些代码太多, 没法一一修改, 那就最好寻求其它方案, 最好是不需要修改原来的Java代码的方案. 我采用的这第三个方案是重写HibernateDaoSupport用ThreadLocal保存Session列表并编写一个配套的过滤器来显式关闭Session, 并在关闭之前尝试提交事务. 下面是重写的 HibernateDaoSupport 代码:

package org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support;
  import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.List;
  import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
  import org.hibernate.Session;
  import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
  import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
  import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessResourceFailureException;
  import org.springframework.dao.support.DaoSupport;
  import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate;
  import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils;
  /**
  * 修改后的避免连接泄漏的 HibernateDaoSupport, 多连接版本, 不保证跨DAO的事务.
  * 
  * @author 刘长炯
  * Date: 2009-3-11
  */
  public abstract class HibernateDaoSupport extends DaoSupport {
  /** 使用 ThreadLocal 保存打开的 Session 列表 */
  private static final ThreadLocal< List<Session> > sessions = new ThreadLocal< List<Session> >();
  /**
  * 获取Hibernate连接.
  * @return
  */
  public static List<Session> getSessionList() {
  //1. 先看看是否有了List get()
  List list = sessions.get();
  // 2. 没有的话从创建一个, put()
  if(list == null) {
  list = new ArrayList();
  sessions.set(list);
  }
  // 3. 返回 Session
  return list;
  }
  /**
  * 关闭当前线程中未正常释放的 Session.
  */
  public static void closeSessionList() {
  //        1. 先看看是否有了List get()
  List<Session> list = sessions.get();
  // 2. 有的话就直接关闭
  if(list != null) {
  System.out.println(SimpleDateFormat.getDateTimeInstance().format(new java.util.Date()) + 
  " -------- 即将释放未正常关闭的 Session");
  for(Session session : list) {
  System.out.println("正在关闭 session =" + session.hashCode());
  // ! 关闭前事务提交
  if(session.isOpen()) {
  try {
  session.getTransaction().commit();
  } catch(Exception ex) {
  try {
  session.getTransaction().rollback();
  } catch (HibernateException e) {
  // TODO Auto-generated catch block
  //e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  try {
  session.close();
  } catch(Exception ex) {
  }
  }
  //releaseSession(session); // 无法调用
  }
  sessions.remove();
  }
  }
  private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
  /**
  * Set the Hibernate SessionFactory to be used by this DAO.
  * Will automatically create a HibernateTemplate for the given SessionFactory.
  * @see #createHibernateTemplate
  * @see #setHibernateTemplate
  */
  public final void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
  if (this.hibernateTemplate == null || sessionFactory != this.hibernateTemplate.getSessionFactory()) {
  this.hibernateTemplate = createHibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);
  }
  }
  /**
  * Create a HibernateTemplate for the given SessionFactory.
  * Only invoked if populating the DAO with a SessionFactory reference!
  * <p>Can be overridden in subclasses to provide a HibernateTemplate instance
  * with different configuration, or a custom HibernateTemplate subclass.
  * @param sessionFactory the Hibernate SessionFactory to create a HibernateTemplate for
  * @return the new HibernateTemplate instance
  * @see #setSessionFactory
  */
  protected HibernateTemplate createHibernateTemplate(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
  return new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);
  }
  /**
  * Return the Hibernate SessionFactory used by this DAO.
  */
  public final SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
  return (this.hibernateTemplate != null ? this.hibernateTemplate.getSessionFactory() : null);
  }
  /**
  * Set the HibernateTemplate for this DAO explicitly,
  * as an alternative to specifying a SessionFactory.
  * @see #setSessionFactory
  */
  public final void setHibernateTemplate(HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate) {
  this.hibernateTemplate = hibernateTemplate;
  }
  /**
  * Return the HibernateTemplate for this DAO,
  * pre-initialized with the SessionFactory or set explicitly.
  * <p><b>Note: The returned HibernateTemplate is a shared instance.</b>
  * You may introspect its configuration, but not modify the configuration
  * (other than from within an {@link #initDao} implementation).
  * Consider creating a custom HibernateTemplate instance via
  * <code>new HibernateTemplate(getSessionFactory())</code>, in which
  * case you're allowed to customize the settings on the resulting instance.
  */
  public final HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() {
  return this.hibernateTemplate;
  }
  protected final void checkDaoConfig() {
  if (this.hibernateTemplate == null) {
  throw new IllegalArgumentException("'sessionFactory' or 'hibernateTemplate' is required");
  }
  }
  /**
  * Obtain a Hibernate Session, either from the current transaction or
  * a new one. The latter is only allowed if the
  * {@link org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate#setAllowCreate "allowCreate"}
  * setting of this bean's {@link #setHibernateTemplate HibernateTemplate} is "true".
  * <p><b>Note that this is not meant to be invoked from HibernateTemplate code
  * but rather just in plain Hibernate code.</b> Either rely on a thread-bound
  * Session or use it in combination with {@link #releaseSession}.
  * <p>In general, it is recommended to use HibernateTemplate, either with
  * the provided convenience operations or with a custom HibernateCallback
  * that provides you with a Session to work on. HibernateTemplate will care
  * for all resource management and for proper exception conversion.
  * @return the Hibernate Session
  * @throws DataAccessResourceFailureException if the Session couldn't be created
  * @throws IllegalStateException if no thread-bound Session found and allowCreate=false
  * @see org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils#getSession(SessionFactory, boolean)
  */
  protected final Session getSession()
  throws DataAccessResourceFailureException, IllegalStateException {
  Session session = getSession(this.hibernateTemplate.isAllowCreate());
  // 开始事务
  try {
  session.beginTransaction();
  } catch (HibernateException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  getSessionList().add(session);
  return session;
  }
  /**
  * Obtain a Hibernate Session, either from the current transaction or
  * a new one. The latter is only allowed if "allowCreate" is true.
  * <p><b>Note that this is not meant to be invoked from HibernateTemplate code
  * but rather just in plain Hibernate code.</b> Either rely on a thread-bound
  * Session or use it in combination with {@link #releaseSession}.
  * <p>In general, it is recommended to use
  * {@link #getHibernateTemplate() HibernateTemplate}, either with
  * the provided convenience operations or with a custom
  * {@link org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateCallback} that
  * provides you with a Session to work on. HibernateTemplate will care
  * for all resource management and for proper exception conversion.
  * @param allowCreate if a non-transactional Session should be created when no
  * transactional Session can be found for the current thread
  * @return the Hibernate Session
  * @throws DataAccessResourceFailureException if the Session couldn't be created
  * @throws IllegalStateException if no thread-bound Session found and allowCreate=false
  * @see org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils#getSession(SessionFactory, boolean)
  */
  protected final Session getSession(boolean allowCreate)
  throws DataAccessResourceFailureException, IllegalStateException {
  return  (!allowCreate ?
  SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(getSessionFactory(), false) :
  SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(
  getSessionFactory(),
  this.hibernateTemplate.getEntityInterceptor(),
  this.hibernateTemplate.getJdbcExceptionTranslator()));
  }
  /**
  * Convert the given HibernateException to an appropriate exception from the
  * <code>org.springframework.dao</code> hierarchy. Will automatically detect
  * wrapped SQLExceptions and convert them accordingly.
  * <p>Delegates to the
  * {@link org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate#convertHibernateAccessException}
  * method of this DAO's HibernateTemplate.
  * <p>Typically used in plain Hibernate code, in combination with
  * {@link #getSession} and {@link #releaseSession}.
  * @param ex HibernateException that occured
  * @return the corresponding DataAccessException instance
  * @see org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils#convertHibernateAccessException
  */
  protected final DataAccessException convertHibernateAccessException(HibernateException ex) {
  return this.hibernateTemplate.convertHibernateAccessException(ex);
  }
  /**
  * Close the given Hibernate Session, created via this DAO's SessionFactory,
  * if it isn't bound to the thread (i.e. isn't a transactional Session).
  * <p>Typically used in plain Hibernate code, in combination with
  * {@link #getSession} and {@link #convertHibernateAccessException}.
  * @param session the Session to close
  * @see org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils#releaseSession
  */
  protected final void releaseSession(Session session) {
  SessionFactoryUtils.releaseSession(session, getSessionFactory());
  }
  }

用这个类来覆盖Spring内置的那个HibernateDaoSupport, 然后随便编写一个过滤器, 如下所示:

public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res,
  FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
  req.setCharacterEncoding(this.charset);
  chain.doFilter(req, res);
  // 关闭遗漏的 Session
  HibernateDaoSupport.closeSessionList();
  }

把这个过滤器配置在过滤器链的第一个, 就OK了.

  最后也许会有人说, 为什么不用tx标签在Spring中来配置一个通配符就全部加入了事务了呢? 不过很遗憾, 经测试发现此方式无法实现跨DAO的Hibernate事务, 所以只好很无奈的放弃了这种方式. 这就是文章一开头提到的最佳方案, 也许是成本最低的方案了, 但是我却没采用, 一是因为事务问题, 二是因为每个有问题的dao/service包都要修改一次XML配置文件, 我很懒惰, 不想去看那些代码都在哪些包里面. Tx标签的配置方式如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 
    xsi:schemaLocation="
 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd
 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd">
 
       
 
    <bean id="sessionFactory"
 
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
 
        <property name="configLocation"
 
            value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml">
 
        </property>
 
    </bean>
 
    <bean id="StudentDAO" class="dao.StudentDAO">
 
        <property name="sessionFactory">
 
            <ref bean="sessionFactory" />
 
        </property>
 
    </bean>
 
    <!-- 声明一个 Hibernate 3 的 事务管理器供代理类自动管理事务用 -->
 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
 
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
 
        <property name="sessionFactory">
 
            <ref local="sessionFactory" />
 
        </property>
 
    </bean>
 
    <aop:config>
 
        <!-- 切入点指明了在执行dao.StudentDAO的所有方法时产生事务拦截操作 -->
 
        <aop:pointcut id="daoMethods"
 
            expression="execution(* dao.StudentDAO.*(..))" />
 
        <!-- 定义了将采用何种拦截操作,这里引用到 txAdvice -->
 
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
 
            pointcut-ref="daoMethods" />
 
    </aop:config>
 
    <!-- 这是事务通知操作,使用的事务管理器引用自 transactionManager -->
 
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
 
        <tx:attributes>
 
            <!-- 指定哪些方法需要加入事务,这里懒惰一下全部加入,可以使用通配符来只加入需要的方法 -->
 
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
 
        </tx:attributes>
 
    </tx:advice>
 
</beans>

其它加事务的方式有老式的Spring1.2的, 还有Annotation的, 这些都是一个解决方案, 就是给DAO/Service加入事务. 如果您有更好的办法, 欢迎来信探讨.
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