本文使用 HttpURLConnection 发送http请求(get、post)
URLConnection是个抽象类,它有两个直接子类分别是HttpURLConnection和JarURLConnection。另外一个重要的类是URL,
通常URL可以通过传给构造器一个String类型的参数来生成一个指向特定地址的URL实例。
每个 HttpURLConnection 实例都可用于生成单个请求,但是其他实例可以透明地共享连接到 HTTP 服务器的基础网络。
请求后在 HttpURLConnection 的 InputStream 或 OutputStream 上调用 close() 方法可以释放与此实例关联的网络资源,
但对共享的持久连接没有任何影响。如果在调用 disconnect() 时持久连接空闲,则可能关闭基础套接字。
JAVA使用HttpURLConnection发送POST数据是依靠OutputStream流的形式发送;具体编码过程中,参数是以字符串“name=XXX”这种形式发送
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* 功能说明:HttpClient - 通过发送Http请求获取目标URL的数据
*/
public class TestURL {
/** 提交方式POST **/
public static final String SUBMIT_METHOD_POST = "POST";
/** 提交方式GET **/
public static final String SUBMIT_METHOD_GET = "GET";
/**
* 通过http请求获取数据
* @param urlStr url地址,如:www.baidu.com
* @param param url的?后的参数,如:www.baidu.com?a=1&&b=2,则param为"a=1&&b=2"
* @return 返回读取到的数据(json字符串)
*/
public static String pub(String urlStr,String param,String method)
{
URL url = null;
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
System.out.println("request:"+urlStr+"?"+param);
try {
/*建立连接*/
url = new URL(urlStr);
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
/*设置连接属性 */
connection.setDoOutput(true);// 使用 URL 连接进行输出
connection.setDoInput(true);// 使用 URL 连接进行输入
connection.setUseCaches(false);// 忽略缓存
connection.setRequestMethod(method);// 设置URL请求方法
/*设置请求属性*/
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length",param.length()+"");
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream");
connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");// 维持长连接
connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");// 设置编码
/*建立输出流,并写入数据*/
OutputStream outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write(param.getBytes("UTF-8"));
/*读取数据*/
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
String line = "";
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(line);
}
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (connection != null) {
connection.disconnect();
}
}
System.out.println("response:"+buffer.toString());
return buffer.toString();
}
/*测试*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
String urlStr="http://f.apiplus.cn/ssq.json";
String param="a=1";
pub(urlStr,param,SUBMIT_METHOD_POST);//地址就是:http://f.apiplus.cn/ssq.json?a=1
}}
输出结果:即 代码中的两个 输出 语句:
request: http://f.apiplus.cn/ssq.json?a=1
response: {"rows":5,"code":"ssq","info":"免费接口随机延迟3-6分钟,实时接口请访问www.opencai.net查询、购买或续费","data":[{"expect":"2018075","opencode":"07,09,12,13,22,24+11","opentime":"2018-07-01 21:18:20","opentimestamp":1530451100},{"expect":"2018074","opencode":"09,11,14,20,27,30+09","opentime":"2018-06-28 21:18:20","opentimestamp":1530191900},{"expect":"2018073","opencode":"02,09,14,15,16,23+10","opentime":"2018-06-26 21:18:20","opentimestamp":1530019100},{"expect":"2018072","opencode":"11,16,19,22,25,30+08","opentime":"2018-06-24 21:18:20","opentimestamp":1529846300},{"expect":"2018071","opencode":"02,05,06,13,16,19+03","opentime":"2018-06-21 21:18:20","opentimestamp":1529587100}]}