1、父进程负责等待连接请求,子进程负责和客户端通信,每次有一个连接请求,就创建一个子进程和客户端进行通信
使用多进程的方式,解决服务器多连接的问题:
1、共享
- 读时共享,写时复制
- 父子进程共享文件描述符,内存映射区
2、父进程的角色?
- 等待客户端连接,有连接,创建一个子进程 关闭
- 用于通信的文件描述符
3、子进程的角色?
- 和客户端通信 关闭监听的文件描述符
4、创建的进程的个数有限制吗
- 一个进程最多有1024个文件描述符
- 有限制,受硬件的限制
5、子进程资源回收 - wait/waitpid
- 信号回收
signal
sigaction
-捕捉信号: SIGCHLD
多i进程伪代码
void recyle(int num)
{
while(waitpid(-1,NULL,NONHANG)> 0);
}
int main()
{
//监听
int lfd = sock();
//绑定
bind();
//设置监听
listen(lfd,);
//信号回收子进程
struct sigaction act;
act.sa_handle = recyle;
act,flags = 0;
sigemptyset(act.sa_mask );
sigaction(SIGCHLD,&act,NULL);
//父进程
while(1)
{
int cfd = accept();
//创建子进程
pid_ t pid = fork();
//子进程通信
if(pid -== 0)
{
close(lfd);
//通信
while(1)
{
int len = read();
if(len == -1)
{
}
else if(len == 0)
{
close(cfd);
break;
}
else
{
write();
}
}
//退出子进程
return 0;//exit(1);
}
else //父进程
{
close(cfd);
// while(waitpid(-1,NULL,)!= -1)这种方式不行,因为父进程一直在这里循环,没有监听有没有新的连接,应该采用信号
}
}
}
代码实现:
server.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "wrap.h"
#define MAXLINE 8192
#define SERV_PORT 8000
void do_sigchild(int num)
{
while (waitpid(0, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0)
;
}
int main(void)
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
socklen_t cliaddr_len;
int listenfd, connfd;
char buf[MAXLINE];
char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
int i, n;
pid_t pid;
struct sigaction newact;
newact.sa_handler = do_sigchild;
sigemptyset(&newact.sa_mask);
newact.sa_flags = 0;
sigaction(SIGCHLD, &newact, NULL);
listenfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
int opt = 1;
setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
Bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
Listen(listenfd, 20);
printf("Accepting connections ...\n");
while (1) {
cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr);
connfd = Accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &cliaddr_len);
pid = fork();
if (pid == 0) {
Close(listenfd);
while (1) {
n = Read(connfd, buf, MAXLINE);
if (n == 0) {
printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
break;
}
printf("received from %s at PORT %d\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)),
ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
Write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
Write(connfd, buf, n);
}
Close(connfd);
return 0;
} else if (pid > 0) {
Close(connfd);
} else
perr_exit("fork");
}
return 0;
}
client.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "wrap.h"
#define MAXLINE 8192
#define SERV_PORT 8000
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
char buf[MAXLINE];
int sockfd, n;
sockfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &servaddr.sin_addr);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
Connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
Write(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf));
n = Read(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE);
if (n == 0) {
printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
break;
}
else
Write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
}
Close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
wrap.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
void perr_exit(const char *s)
{
perror(s);
exit(-1);
}
int Accept(int fd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *salenptr)
{
int n;
again:
if ((n = accept(fd, sa, salenptr)) < 0) {
if ((errno == ECONNABORTED) || (errno == EINTR))//accept阻塞等待连接请求的时候被信号中断,处理信号对应的操作后回来之后不阻塞了,直接返回-1,这时候errno被设置为EINT,所以要进行特判,是这种情况就直接跳到其accept函数
goto again;
else
perr_exit("accept error");
}
return n;
}
int Bind(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen)
{
int n;
if ((n = bind(fd, sa, salen)) < 0)
perr_exit("bind error");
return n;
}
int Connect(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen)
{
int n;
if ((n = connect(fd, sa, salen)) < 0)
perr_exit("connect error");
return n;
}
int Listen(int fd, int backlog)
{
int n;
if ((n = listen(fd, backlog)) < 0)
perr_exit("listen error");
return n;
}
int Socket(int family, int type, int protocol)
{
int n;
if ((n = socket(family, type, protocol)) < 0)
perr_exit("socket error");
return n;
}
ssize_t Read(int fd, void *ptr, size_t nbytes)
{
ssize_t n;
again:
if ( (n = read(fd, ptr, nbytes)) == -1) {
if (errno == EINTR)
goto again;
else
return -1;
}
return n;
}
ssize_t Write(int fd, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes)
{
ssize_t n;
again:
if ( (n = write(fd, ptr, nbytes)) == -1) {
if (errno == EINTR)
goto again;
else
return -1;
}
return n;
}
int Close(int fd)
{
int n;
if ((n = close(fd)) == -1)
perr_exit("close error");
return n;
}
/*参三: 应该读取的字节数*/
ssize_t Readn(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n)
{
size_t nleft; //usigned int 剩余未读取的字节数
ssize_t nread; //int 实际读到的字节数
char *ptr;
ptr = vptr;
nleft = n;
while (nleft > 0) {
if ((nread = read(fd, ptr, nleft)) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
nread = 0;
else
return -1;
} else if (nread == 0)
break;
nleft -= nread;
ptr += nread;
}
return n - nleft;
}
ssize_t Writen(int fd, const void *vptr, size_t n)
{
size_t nleft;
ssize_t nwritten;
const char *ptr;
ptr = vptr;
nleft = n;
while (nleft > 0) {
if ( (nwritten = write(fd, ptr, nleft)) <= 0) {
if (nwritten < 0 && errno == EINTR)
nwritten = 0;
else
return -1;
}
nleft -= nwritten;
ptr += nwritten;
}
return n;
}
static ssize_t my_read(int fd, char *ptr)
{
static int read_cnt;
static char *read_ptr;
static char read_buf[100];
if (read_cnt <= 0) {
again:
if ( (read_cnt = read(fd, read_buf, sizeof(read_buf))) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
goto again;
return -1;
} else if (read_cnt == 0)
return 0;
read_ptr = read_buf;
}
read_cnt--;
*ptr = *read_ptr++;
return 1;
}
ssize_t Readline(int fd, void *vptr, size_t maxlen)
{
ssize_t n, rc;
char c, *ptr;
ptr = vptr;
for (n = 1; n < maxlen; n++) {
if ( (rc = my_read(fd, &c)) == 1) {
*ptr++ = c;
if (c == '\n')
break;
} else if (rc == 0) {
*ptr = 0;
return n - 1;
} else
return -1;
}
*ptr = 0;
return n;
}
注意:如果acccept没有进行错误判断,代码会出错:
解决方式:
accept阻塞等待连接请求的时候被信号中断,处理信号对应的操作后回来之后不阻塞了,直接返回-1,这时候errno被设置为EINT,所以要进行特判,是这种情况就直接跳到其accept函数