netty实现webSocket协议

    1、http协议现状

         一直以来http协议一直都是请求/响应的模式,如果服务器有新的数据变化要推送给客户单,此时需要客户端发送一个请求由服务器进行响应。要想实现服务端立即推送到客户端,可以使用轮训的机制或Comet,但这里有一个共同的问题是:由于http协议的开销,导致他们不适用于低延迟。
         http协议弊端如下:
         http为半双工模式,不能同时在2个方向上进行传输,某一个时刻只能在一个方向上进行传输。
         http消息冗长繁琐。http消息包含消息头、消息体、换行符等。

    2、webSocket协议

        为了解决这些问题,WebSocket就产生了,是html5的协议规范。WebSocket的将网络套接字引入到了客户端和服务端,浏览器和服务端之间可以通过套接字建立持久的连接,双方随时都可以互发数据,而不是http的控制请求--应答模式。其特点如下:
       单一的tcp连接,采用全双工模式通信;
       无头部信息、Cookie和身份验证;
       通过 “ping/pong”帧保持链路激活;
       服务器可以主动传递消息给客户端,不用客户端轮训。
      在本例子中进行抓包,websocket协议如下:

Host: localhost:8080

Connection: Upgrade

Pragma: no-cache

Cache-Control: no-cache

Upgrade: websocket

Origin: file://

Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.96 Safari/537.36

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch, br

Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8

Sec-WebSocket-Key: JF9jXfxS2FBxTXpR8KksBg==

Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits

服务端返回信息如下:

15:35:22.339956 IP6 (flowlabel 0x06a10, hlim 64, next-header TCP (6) payload length: 161) ::1.8080 > ::1.58558: Flags [P.], cksum 0x00a9 (incorrect -> 0x779f), seq 1705481743:1705481872, ack 1497439652, win 12728, options [nop,nop,TS val 1949078939 ecr 1949078834], length 129: HTTP, length: 129

HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols

Upgrade: websocket

Connection: Upgrade

Sec-WebSocket-Accept: D4W/u92AQ1egKtfmiBvX9OXodyg=

`.j....@....................................e...YA....1........

t,..t,.2HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols

Upgrade: websocket

Connection: Upgrade

Sec-WebSocket-Accept: D4W/u92AQ1egKtfmiBvX9OXodyg=


      

   3、Netty实现webSocket协议

     websocketServer代码如下:
     
package zou;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;

public class WebSocketServer {
	public void run(int port) throws Exception {
		EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		try {
			ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
			b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class).childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
				@Override
				protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
					ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
					pipeline.addLast("http-codec", new HttpServerCodec());
					pipeline.addLast("aggregator", new HttpObjectAggregator(65536));
					pipeline.addLast("http-chunked", new ChunkedWriteHandler());
					pipeline.addLast("handler", new WebSocketServerHandler());
				}
			});
			Channel ch = b.bind(port).sync().channel();
			System.out.println("web socket server started at  port " + port);
			System.out.println("open you browser and navigate to  http://localhost:" + port + "/");
			ch.closeFuture().sync();

		} catch (Exception e) {

		} finally {
			bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
			workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
		}

	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		int port = 8080;
		if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
			try {
				port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
			} catch (Exception e) {

			}
		}
		new WebSocketServer().run(port);
	}

}
     这里添加HttpServerCodec,将请求和应答消息编码或者解码为http消息。HttpObjectAggregator的作用是将http消息的多个部分组合成一条完整的http消息;ChunkedWriteHandler来向客户端发送html5文件,它主要用于浏览器和服务端进行websocket通信;最后增加WebSocket服务端的handler。
      handler代码如下:
package zou;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.isKeepAlive;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.setContentLength;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpRequest;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.CloseWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.PingWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.PongWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerHandshaker;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class WebSocketServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {

	private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(WebSocketServerHandler.class.getName());

	private WebSocketServerHandshaker handshaker;

	@Override
	protected void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
		// 传统的http接入
		if (msg instanceof FullHttpRequest) {
			handleHttpRequest(ctx, (FullHttpRequest) msg);
		}
		// websocket接入
		else if (msg instanceof WebSocketFrame) {
			handleWebSockerFrame(ctx, (WebSocketFrame) msg);
		}

	}

	@Override
	public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
		ctx.flush();
	}

	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
		cause.printStackTrace();
		ctx.close();
	}

	private void handleHttpRequest(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest req) throws Exception {
		//http码返回失败
		if (!req.getDecoderResult().isSuccess() || (!"websocket".equals(req.headers().get("Upgrade")))) {
			sendHttpResponse(ctx, req, new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, BAD_REQUEST));
			return;
		}
		WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory wsFactory = new WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory("ws://localhost:8080", null, false);
		handshaker = wsFactory.newHandshaker(req);
		if (handshaker == null) {
			WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory.sendUnsupportedWebSocketVersionResponse(ctx.channel());
		} else {
			handshaker.handshake(ctx.channel(), req);
		}
	}

	private void handleWebSockerFrame(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, WebSocketFrame frame) {
		//判断是否是关闭链路的指令
		if (frame instanceof CloseWebSocketFrame) {
			handshaker.close(ctx.channel(), (CloseWebSocketFrame) frame.retain());
			return;
		}
		//判断是否是ping 消息
		if (frame instanceof PingWebSocketFrame) {
			ctx.channel().write(new PongWebSocketFrame(frame.content().retain()));
			return;
		}
		//本例仅支持文本,不支持二进制消息
		if (!(frame instanceof TextWebSocketFrame)) {
			throw new UnsupportedOperationException(String.format("%s frame types not supported", frame.getClass().getName()));
		}
		//返回应答消息
		String request = ((TextWebSocketFrame) frame).text();
		ctx.channel().write(new TextWebSocketFrame(request + ",欢饮使用Netty WebSocket服务,现在时刻:" + new java.util.Date().toString()));

	}

	private static void sendHttpResponse(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest req, FullHttpResponse res) {
		//返回应答给客户端
		if (res.getStatus().code() != 200) {
			ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(res.getStatus().toString(), CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
			res.content().writeBytes(buf);
			buf.release();
			setContentLength(res, res.content().readableBytes());
		}

		ChannelFuture f = ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(res);
		//如果是非keep-Alive,关闭连接
		if (!isKeepAlive(req) || res.getStatus().code() != 200) {
			f.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
		}
	}
}

 页面代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
	<title>Netty WebSocket时间服务器</title>
</head>
<body>
<br>
<script type="text/javascript">
  var socket;
  if(!window.WebSocket){
  	 window.WebSocket=window.MozWebSocket;
  }
  if(window.WebSocket){
  	 socket=new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/websocket");
  	 socket.onmessage=function(event){
  	 	var ta=document.getElementById('responseText');
		 ta.value="";
		 ta.value=event.data

  	 };
	  socket.onopen=function(event){
		  var ta=document.getElementById('responseText');
		  ta.value='打开websocket服务正常,浏览器支持websocket!';

	  };
	  socket.onclose=function(event){
		  var ta=document.getElementById('responseText');
		  ta.value="";
		  ta.value="websocket关闭!";
	  };
  }else{
	  alert("抱歉,您的浏览器不支持Websocket协议");
  }

  function send(message){
		if(!window.WebSocket){
			return ;
		}
	  if(socket.readyState==WebSocket.OPEN){
		  socket.send(message);
	  }else{
		  alert("websocket连接没有成功");
	  }
	}
</script>
<form οnsubmit="return false;">
	<input type="text" name="message" value="Netty 最佳实践"/>
	 <br>
	<input type="button" value="发送 websocket请求消息" οnclick="send(this.form.message.value)">
	<hr color="blue" />
	<h3>服务端返回的应答消息</h3>
	<textarea id="responseText" style="width: 500px;height: 300px"></textarea>
</form>

</body>
</html>


     

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