可以使用 Python 的 tkinter 模块来实现可视化界面，使用 matplotlib 库来绘制排序过程中的图形。
以下是一个示例代码，实现了十大排序算法的可视化界面：
```python
import random
import time
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation
import tkinter as tk
class SortingVisualization:
def __init__(self, sort_algorithm, length=100):
self.length = length
self.data = [i+1 for i in range(length)]
random.shuffle(self.data)
self.sort_algorithm = sort_algorithm(self.data)
self.fig, self.ax = plt.subplots()
self.ax.set_title(self.sort_algorithm.__class__.__name__)
self.bar_rects = self.ax.bar(range(len(self.data)), self.data, align="edge")
self.ax.set_xlim(0, len(self.data))
self.ax.set_ylim(0, int(1.07 * length))
self.iteration = self.sort_algorithm.sort()
self.start_time = time.time()
def update(self, rects, iteration):
for rect, val in zip(rects, self.data):
rect.set_height(val)
try:
next(self.iteration)
except StopIteration:
self.ax.set_title(f"{self.sort_algorithm.__class__.__name__} ({time.time()-self.start_time:.2f}s)")
return False
return True
def animate(self, i):
return self.update(self.bar_rects, i)
def start(self):
anim = FuncAnimation(self.fig, self.animate, frames=range(len(self.data)), interval=1,
repeat=False, blit=True)
plt.show()
class BubbleSort:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def sort(self):
n = len(self.data)
for i in range(n):
for j in range(n-i-1):
if self.data[j] > self.data[j+1]:
self.data[j], self.data[j+1] = self.data[j+1], self.data[j]
yield
class SelectionSort:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def sort(self):
n = len(self.data)
for i in range(n):
min_idx = i
for j in range(i+1, n):
if self.data[min_idx] > self.data[j]:
min_idx = j
self.data[i], self.data[min_idx] = self.data[min_idx], self.data[i]
yield
class InsertionSort:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def sort(self):
n = len(self.data)
for i in range(1, n):
key = self.data[i]
j = i - 1
while j >= 0 and key < self.data[j]:
self.data[j+1] = self.data[j]
j -= 1
yield
self.data[j+1] = key
yield
class QuickSort:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def sort(self):
def _quick_sort(l, r):
if l < r:
p = self.partition(l, r)
yield from _quick_sort(l, p-1)
yield from _quick_sort(p+1, r)
yield from _quick_sort(0, len(self.data)-1)
def partition(self, l, r):
pivot = self.data[r]
i = l - 1
for j in range(l, r):
if self.data[j] < pivot:
i += 1
self.data[i], self.data[j] = self.data[j], self.data[i]
yield
self.data[i+1], self.data[r] = self.data[r], self.data[i+1]
yield
return i + 1
class MergeSort:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def sort(self):
def _merge_sort(l, r):
if l < r:
m = (l + r) // 2
yield from _merge_sort(l, m)
yield from _merge_sort(m+1, r)
yield from self.merge(l, m, r)
yield from _merge_sort(0, len(self.data)-1)
def merge(self, l, m, r):
L = self.data[l:m+1]
R = self.data[m+1:r+1]
i = j = 0
k = l
while i < len(L) and j < len(R):
if L[i] < R[j]:
self.data[k] = L[i]
i += 1
else:
self.data[k] = R[j]
j += 1
k += 1
yield
while i < len(L):
self.data[k] = L[i]
i += 1
k += 1
yield
while j < len(R):
self.data[k] = R[j]
j += 1
k += 1
yield
class HeapSort:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def sort(self):
n = len(self.data)
for i in range(n // 2 - 1, -1, -1):
yield from self.heapify(n, i)
for i in range(n-1, 0, -1):
self.data[0], self.data[i] = self.data[i], self.data[0]
yield
yield from self.heapify(i, 0)
def heapify(self, n, i):
largest = i
l = 2 * i + 1
r = 2 * i + 2
if l < n and self.data[largest] < self.data[l]:
largest = l
if r < n and self.data[largest] < self.data[r]:
largest = r
if largest != i:
self.data[i], self.data[largest] = self.data[largest], self.data[i]
yield
yield from self.heapify(n, largest)
class ShellSort:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def sort(self):
n = len(self.data)
gap = n // 2
while gap > 0:
for i in range(gap, n):
temp = self.data[i]
j = i
while j >= gap and self.data[j-gap] > temp:
self.data[j] = self.data[j-gap]
j -= gap
yield
self.data[j] = temp
yield
gap //= 2
class CountingSort:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def sort(self):
n = len(self.data)
output = [0] * n
count = [0] * (max(self.data) + 1)
for i in range(n):
count[self.data[i]] += 1
for i in range(1, len(count)):
count[i] += count[i-1]
for i in range(n-1, -1, -1):
output[count[self.data[i]]-1] = self.data[i]
count[self.data[i]] -= 1
yield
self.data = output
class RadixSort:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def sort(self):
def _counting_sort(exp):
n = len(self.data)
output = [0] * n
count = [0] * 10
for i in range(n):
idx = (self.data[i] // exp) % 10
count[idx] += 1
for i in range(1, len(count)):
count[i] += count[i-1]
for i in range(n-1, -1, -1):
idx = (self.data[i] // exp) % 10
output[count[idx]-1] = self.data[i]
count[idx] -= 1
yield
self.data = output
max_val = max(self.data)
exp = 1
while max_val // exp > 0:
yield from _counting_sort(exp)
exp *= 10
class GUI:
def __init__(self):
self.window = tk.Tk()
self.window.title("Sorting Visualization")
self.window.geometry("320x240")
self.sorts = {"Bubble Sort": BubbleSort, "Selection Sort": SelectionSort,
"Insertion Sort": InsertionSort, "Quick Sort": QuickSort,
"Merge Sort": MergeSort, "Heap Sort": HeapSort,
"Shell Sort": ShellSort, "Counting Sort": CountingSort,
"Radix Sort": RadixSort}
self.sort_var = tk.StringVar(self.window, sorted(self.sorts.keys())[0])
sort_menu = tk.OptionMenu(self.window, self.sort_var, *self.sorts.keys())
sort_menu.pack(pady=10)
length_var = tk.StringVar(self.window, "100")
length_entry = tk.Entry(self.window, textvariable=length_var)
length_entry.pack(pady=5)
start_button = tk.Button(self.window, text="Start", command=self.start)
start_button.pack(pady=10)
self.window.mainloop()
def start(self):
try:
length = int(length_var.get())
sort_algorithm = self.sorts[self.sort_var.get()]
SortingVisualization(sort_algorithm, length).start()
except ValueError:
return
if __name__ == "__main__":
GUI()
```
运行该代码，会弹出一个 GUI 界面，选择排序算法和数据长度后，点击 Start 按钮即可开始可视化排序过程。
注意：由于排序算法的实现方式不同，排序时间也会有所不同，因此排序过程中的动画时间也会有所不同。
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