转 https://www.cnblogs.com/zhuyongzhe/p/7686105.html
select * from emp; #注释 #--------------------------- #----命令行连接MySql--------- #启动mysql服务器 net start mysql #关闭 net stop mysql #进入 mysql -h 主机地址 -u 用户名 －p 用户密码 #退出 exit #--------------------------- #----MySql用户管理--------- #修改密码:首先在DOS 下进入mysql安装路径的bin目录下，然后键入以下命令: mysqladmin -uroot -p123 password 456; #增加用户 #格式:grant 权限 on 数据库.* to 用户名@登录主机 identified by '密码' /* 如，增加一个用户user1密码为password1，让其可以在本机上登录， 并对所有数据库有查询、插入、修改、删除的权限。首先用以root用户连入mysql，然后键入以下命令： grant select,insert,update,delete on *.* to user1@localhost Identified by "password1"; 如果希望该用户能够在任何机器上登陆mysql，则将localhost改为"%"。 如果你不想user1有密码，可以再打一个命令将密码去掉。 grant select,insert,update,delete on mydb.* to user1@localhost identified by ""; */ grant all privileges on wpj1105.* to sunxiao@localhost identified by '123'; #all privileges 所有权限 #---------------------------- #-----MySql数据库操作基础----- #显示数据库 show databases; #判断是否存在数据库wpj1105,有的话先删除 drop database if exists wpj1105; #创建数据库 create database wpj1105; #删除数据库 drop database wpj1105; #使用该数据库 use wpj1105; #显示数据库中的表 show tables; #先判断表是否存在,存在先删除 drop table if exists student; #创建表 create table student( id int auto_increment primary key, name varchar(50), sex varchar(20), date varchar(50), content varchar(100) )default charset=utf8; #删除表 drop table student; #查看表的结构 describe student; #可以简写为desc student; #插入数据 insert into student values(null,'aa','男','1988-10-2','......'); insert into student values(null,'bb','女','1889-03-6','......'); insert into student values(null,'cc','男','1889-08-8','......'); insert into student values(null,'dd','女','1889-12-8','......'); insert into student values(null,'ee','女','1889-09-6','......'); insert into student values(null,'ff','null','1889-09-6','......'); #查询表中的数据 select * from student; select id,name from student; #修改某一条数据 update student set sex='男' where id=4; #删除数据 delete from student where id=5; # and 且 select * from student where date>'1988-1-2' and date<'1988-12-1'; # or 或 select * from student where date<'1988-11-2' or date>'1988-12-1'; #between 数据查询范围 select * from student where date between '1988-1-2' and '1988-12-1'; #in 查询制定集合内的数据 select * from student where id in (1,3,5); #排序 asc 升序 desc 降序 select * from student order by id asc; #分组查询 #聚合函数 select max(id),name,sex from student group by sex; select min(date) from student; select avg(id) as '求平均' from student; 求所有表中的平均值 select count(*) from student; #统计表中总条数 select count(sex) from student; #统计表中性别总数 若有一条数据中sex为空的话,就不予以统计~ select sum(id) from student; 求ID的总数和 #查询第i条以后到第j条的数据(不包括第i条) select * from student limit 2,5; #显示3-5条数据 转 练习mysql 题
一、设有一数据库，包括四个表：学生表（Student）、课程表（Course）、成绩表（Score）以及教师信息表（Teacher）。四个表的结构分别如表1-1的表（一）~表（四）所示，数据如表1-2的表（一）~表（四）所示。用SQL语句创建四个表并完成相关题目。
表1-1数据库的表结构
表（一）Student (学生表)
属性名 | 数据类型 | 可否为空 | 含 义 |
Sno | varchar (20) | 否 | 学号（主码） |
Sname | varchar (20) | 否 | 学生姓名 |
Ssex | varchar (20) | 否 | 学生性别 |
Sbirthday | datetime | 可 | 学生出生年月 |
Class | varchar (20) | 可 | 学生所在班级 |
表（二）Course（课程表）
属性名 | 数据类型 | 可否为空 | 含 义 |
Cno | varchar (20) | 否 | 课程号（主码） |
Cname | varchar (20) | 否 | 课程名称 |
Tno | varchar (20) | 否 | 教工编号（外码） |
表（三）Score(成绩表)
属性名 | 数据类型 | 可否为空 | 含 义 |
Sno | varchar (20) | 否 | 学号（外码） |
Cno | varchar (20) | 否 | 课程号（外码） |
Degree | Decimal(4,1) | 可 | 成绩 |
主码：Sno+ Cno | |||
表（四）Teacher(教师表)
属性名 | 数据类型 | 可否为空 | 含 义 |
Tno | varchar (20) | 否 | 教工编号（主码） |
Tname | varchar (20) | 否 | 教工姓名 |
Tsex | varchar (20) | 否 | 教工性别 |
Tbirthday | datetime | 可 | 教工出生年月 |
Prof | varchar (20) | 可 | 职称 |
Depart | varchar (20) | 否 | 教工所在部门 |
表1-2数据库中的数据
表（一）Student
Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sbirthday | class |
108 | 曾华 | 男 | 1977-09-01 | 95033 |
105 | 匡明 | 男 | 1975-10-02 | 95031 |
107 | 王丽 | 女 | 1976-01-23 | 95033 |
101 | 李军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 | 95033 |
109 | 王芳 | 女 | 1975-02-10 | 95031 |
103 | 陆君 | 男 | 1974-06-03 | 95031 |
表（二）Course
Cno | Cname | Tno |
3-105 | 计算机导论 | 825 |
3-245 | 操作系统 | 804 |
6-166 | 数字电路 | 856 |
9-888 | 高等数学 | 831 |
表（三）Score
Sno | Cno | Degree |
103 | 3-245 | 86 |
105 | 3-245 | 75 |
109 | 3-245 | 68 |
103 | 3-105 | 92 |
105 | 3-105 | 88 |
109 | 3-105 | 76 |
101 | 3-105 | 64 |
107 | 3-105 | 91 |
108 | 3-105 | 78 |
101 | 6-166 | 85 |
107 | 6-166 | 79 |
108 | 6-166 | 81 |
表（四）Teacher
Tno | Tname | Tsex | Tbirthday | Prof | Depart |
804 | 李诚 | 男 | 1958-12-02 | 副教授 | 计算机系 |
856 | 张旭 | 男 | 1969-03-12 | 讲师 | 电子工程系 |
825 | 王萍 | 女 | 1972-05-05 | 助教 | 计算机系 |
831 | 刘冰 | 女 | 1977-08-14 | 助教 | 电子工程系 |
#建学生信息表student
create table student
(
sno varchar(20) not null primary key,
sname varchar(20) not null,
ssex varchar(20) not null,
sbirthday datetime,
class varchar(20)
);
#建立教师表
create table teacher
(
tno varchar(20) not null primary key,
tname varchar(20) not null,
tsex varchar(20) not null,
tbirthday datetime,
prof varchar(20),
depart varchar(20) not null
);
#建立课程表course
create table course
(
cno varchar(20) not null primary key,
cname varchar(20) not null,
tno varchar(20) not null,
foreign key(tno) references teacher(tno)
);
#建立成绩表
create table score
(
sno varchar(20) not null primary key,
foreign key(sno) references student(sno),
cno varchar(20) not null,
foreign key(cno) references course(cno),
degree decimal
);
#添加学生信息
insert into student values('108','曾华','男','1977-09-01','95033');
insert into student values('105','匡明','男','1975-10-02','95031');
insert into student values('107','王丽','女','1976-01-23','95033');
insert into student values('101','李军','男','1976-02-20','95033');
insert into student values('109','王芳','女','1975-02-10','95031');
insert into student values('103','陆君','男','1974-06-03','95031');
#添加教师表
insert into teacher values('804','李诚','男','1958-12-02','副教授','计算机系');
insert into teacher values('856','张旭','男','1969-03-12','讲师','电子工程系');
insert into teacher values('825','王萍','女','1972-05-05','助教','计算机系');
insert into teacher values('831','刘冰','女','1977-08-14','助教','电子工程系');
#添加课程表
insert into course values('3-105','计算机导论','825');
insert into course values('3-245','操作系统','804');
insert into course values('6-166','数字电路','856');
insert into course values('9-888','高等数学','831');
#添加成绩表
insert into score values('103','3-245','86');
insert into score values('105','3-245','75');
insert into score values('109','3-245','68');
insert into score values('103','3-105','92');
insert into score values('105','3-105','88');
insert into score values('109','3-105','76');
insert into score values('103','3-105','64');
insert into score values('105','3-105','91');
insert into score values('109','3-105','78');
insert into score values('103','6-166','85');
insert into score values('105','6-166','79');
insert into score values('109','6-166','81');
1、 查询Student表中的所有记录的Sname、Ssex和Class列。
|
1
|
select
Sname,Ssex,Class
from
student
|
2、 查询教师所有的单位即不重复的Depart列。
|
1
|
select
distinct
Depart
from
teacher
|
3、 查询Student表的所有记录。
|
1
|
select
*
from
student
|
4、 查询Score表中成绩在60到80之间的所有记录。
|
1
|
select
*
from
Score
where
Degree
between
60
and
80
|
5、 查询Score表中成绩为85，86或88的记录。
|
1
|
select
*
from
Score
where
Degree
in
(85,86,88)
|
6、 查询Student表中“95031”班或性别为“女”的同学记录。
|
1
|
select
*
from
Student
where
class=
'95031'
or
Ssex=
'女'
|
7、 以Class降序查询Student表的所有记录。
|
1
|
select
*
from
student
order
by
class
desc
|
8、 以Cno升序、Degree降序查询Score表的所有记录。
|
1
|
select
*
from
Score
order
by
cno
asc
,degree
desc
|
9、 查询“95031”班的学生人数。
|
1
|
select
count
(*)
from
student
where
class=
'95031'
|
10、 查询Score表中的最高分的学生学号和课程号。（子查询或者排序）
|
1
|
select
Sno,Cno
from
Score
where
Degree=(
select
max
(Degree)
from
Score)
|
|
1
|
select
Sno,Cno
from
Score
order
by
Degree
desc
limit 0,1
|
11、 查询每门课的平均成绩。
|
1
|
select
Cno,
avg
(degree)
from
Score
group
by
Cno
|
12、 查询Score表中至少有5名学生选修的并以3开头的课程的平均分数。
|
1
|
select
avg
(Degree)
from
score
where
Cno
like
'3%'
and
Cno
in
(
select
Cno
from
score
group
by
Cno
having
count
(*)>=5) 用
in
不用= 是因为可能会有多个
|
|
1
|
简单写法：
select
avg
(Degree)
from
score
where
Cno
like
'3%'
and
group
by
Cno
having
count
(*)>=5
|
13、 查询分数大于70，小于90的Sno列。
|
1
|
select
Sno
from
Score
where
degree>70
and
degree<90
|
14、 查询所有学生的Sname、Cno和Degree列。
|
1
|
select
Sname, Cno,Degree
from
Score , student
where
Score.Sno=student.Sno
|
15、 查询所有学生的Sno、Cname和Degree列。
|
1
|
select
Sno,Cname,Degree
from
Score , Course
where
Score.Cno=Course.Cno
|
16、 查询所有学生的Sname、Cname和Degree列。
|
1
|
select
Sname,Cname,Degree
from
student,course,score
where
student.Sno=score.Sno
and
course.Cno=score.Cno
|
|
1
|
join
..
on
写法：
select
Sname,Cname,Degree
from
student
join
score
on
student.Sno=score.Sno
join
course
on
course.Cno=score.Cno
|
17、 查询“95033”班学生的平均分。
|
1
|
select
avg
(degree)
as
'class=95033'
from
Score
where
Sno
in
(
select
Sno
from
Student
where
Class=
'95033'
)
|
18、 假设使用如下命令建立了一个grade表：
create table grade(low int(3),upp int(3),rank char(1))
insert into grade values(90,100,’A’)
insert into grade values(80,89,’B’)
insert into grade values(70,79,’C’)
insert into grade values(60,69,’D’)
insert into grade values(0,59,’E’)
现查询所有同学的Sno、Cno和rank列。
|
1
|
select
Sno,Cno,rank
from
Score,grade
where
degree
between
low
and
upp
|
19、查询选修“3-105”课程的成绩高于“109”号同学成绩的所有同学的记录。
|
1
|
<span style=
"color: #000000; font-size: 15px"
>109同学，选修是3-105课的</span>
|
|
1
|
select
*
from
score
where
Cno=
'3-105'
and
degree>(
select
max
(degree )
from
Score
where
Sno=
'109'
and
Cno=
'3-105'
)
|
|
1
|
<span style=
"font-size: 15px"
>109同学，没有选修3-105课</span>
|
|
1
|
select
*
from
score
where
Cno=
'3-105'
and
degree>(
select
max
(degree )
from
Score
where
Sno=
'109'
)
|
and degree<( select max(degree ) from Score where sno in (select Sno from score group by Sno having count(*)>1))
|
1
|
选了多门课程并且是这个课程下不是最高分的
|
|
1
|
select
*
from
score a
where
Sno
in
(
select
Sno
from
score
group
by
Sno
having
count
(*)>1)
and
degree<(
select
max
(degree )
from
Score b
where
b.cno = a.cno)
|
21、查询成绩高于学号为“109”、课程号为“3-105”的成绩的所有记录。
|
1
|
Select
*
from
score
where
degree>(
select
degree
from
Score
where
Sno=
'109'
and
Cno=
'3-105'
)
|
22、查询和学号为108、101的同学同年出生的所有学生的Sno、Sname和Sbirthday列。
|
1
|
select
sno,sname,sbirthday
from
student
where
year
(sbirthday) = (
select
year
(sbirthday)
from
student
where
sno=
'108'
)
|
|
1
|
select
sno,sname,sbirthday
from
student
where
year
(sbirthday) = (
select
year
(sbirthday)
from
student
where
sno=
'101'
)
|
23、查询“张旭“教师任课的学生成绩。
|
1
|
select
Sno,degree
from
score,Course
where
score.Cno=Course.Cno
and
Course.Tno= (
select
Tno
from
Teacher
where
Tname=
'张旭'
)
|
|
1
|
select
degree
from
score
where
Cno
in
(
select
cno
from
course
where
Tno= (
select
Tno
from
Teacher
where
Tname=
'张旭'
) )
|
24、查询选修某课程的同学人数多于5人的教师姓名。
|
1
|
select
Tname
from
Teacher, Course
where
Teacher.Tno=Course.Tno
and
Course.Cno =(
select
Cno
from
Score
group
by
Cno
having
count
(*)>5)
|
|
1
|
select
Tname
from
Teacher
where
tno=(
select
Tno
from
Course
where
cno=(
select
Cno
from
Score
group
by
Cno
having
count
(*)>5 ))
|
25、查询95033班和95031班全体学生的记录。
|
1
|
select
*
from
student
where
class
in
(
'95033'
,
'95031'
)
|
26、 查询存在有85分以上成绩的课程Cno.
|
1
|
select
Cno
from
score
where
degree>85
|
27、查询出“计算机系“教师所教课程的成绩表。
|
1
|
select
*
from
course
where
cno
in
(
select
cno
from
course
where
tno
in
(
select
tno
from
teacher
where
Depart=
'计算机系'
))
|
28、查询“计算 机系”与“电子工程系“不同职称的教师的Tname和Prof。
|
1
|
select
Tname,Prof
from
Teacher
where
Depart =
'计算机系'
and
Prof
not
in
(
select
Prof
from
Teacher
where
Depart =
'电子工程系'
)<br>
union
<br>
select
Tname,Prof
from
Teacher
where
Depart =
'电子工程系'
and
Prof
not
in
(
select
Prof
from
Teacher
where
Depart =
'计算机系'
)
|
29、查询选修编号为“3-105“课程且成绩至少高于选修编号为“3-245”的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree,并按Degree从高到低次序排序。
any:代表括号中任意一个成绩就可以
|
1
|
select
Cno,Sno,Degree
from
score
where
cno=
'3-105'
and
degree >
any
(
select
degree
from
score
where
cno=
'3-245'
)
order
by
degree
desc
|
30、查询选修编号为“3-105”且成绩高于选修编号为“3-245”课程的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree.
all:代表括号中的所有成绩
|
1
|
select
Cno,Sno,Degree
from
score
where
cno=
'3-105'
and
degree >
all
(
select
degree
from
score
where
cno=
'3-245'
)
order
by
degree
desc
|
31、 查询所有教师和同学的name、sex和birthday.
|
1
|
select
tname,tsex,tbirthday
from
Teacher
union
select
sname,ssex,sbirthday
from
Student
|
32、查询所有“女”教师和“女”同学的name、sex和birthday.
|
1
|
select
Tname,Tsex,Tbirthday
from
Teacher
where
Tsex=
'女'
union
select
Sname,Ssex,Sbirthday
from
Student
where
Ssex=
'女'
|
33、 查询成绩比该课程平均成绩低的同学的成绩表。
|
1
|
select
*
from
score a
where
degree < (
select
avg
(degree)
from
score b
where
b.cno=a.cno)
|
34、 查询所有任课教师的Tname和Depart.
|
1
|
select
Tname,Depart
from
Teacher
where
tno
in
(
select
tno
from
course )
|
35 、 查询所有未讲课的教师的Tname和Depart.
|
1
|
select
Tname,Depart
from
Teacher
where
Tno
not
in
(
select
Tno
from
Course
where
cno
in
(
select
cno
from
score ))
|
36、查询至少有2名男生的班号。
|
1
|
select
class
from
student
where
ssex=
'男'
group
by
class
having
count
(*)>1
|
37、查询Student表中不姓“王”的同学记录。
|
1
|
select
*
from
Student
where
Sname
not
like
'王%%'
|
38、查询Student表中每个学生的姓名和年龄。
|
1
|
select
Sname,
year
(now())-
year
(sbirthday)
from
Student
|
39、查询Student表中最大和最小的Sbirthday日期值。
|
1
|
select
Max
(Sbirthday ),
Min
(Sbirthday )
from
Student
|
40、以班号和年龄从大到小的顺序查询Student表中的全部记录。
|
1
|
select
*
from
Student
order
by
class
desc
, Sbirthday
|
41、查询“男”教师及其所上的课程。
|
1
|
select
Tname,Cname
from
course,teacher
where
course.tno= teacher.tno
and
teacher.Tsex=
'男'
|
42、查询最高分同学的Sno、Cno和Degree列。
|
1
|
select
Sno,Cno,Degree
from
score
where
degree=(
select
max
(degree)
from
score)
|
排序写法：
|
1
|
select
Sno,Cno,Degree
from
score
order
by
degree
desc
limit 0,1
|
43、查询和“李军”同性别的所有同学的Sname.
|
1
|
select
Sname
from
Student
where
Ssex = (
select
Ssex
from
Student
where
Sname=
'李军'
)
|
44、查询和“李军”同性别并同班的同学Sname.
|
1
|
select
Sname
from
Student
where
Ssex = (
select
Ssex
from
Student
where
Sname=
'李军'
)
and
class=(
select
class
from
student
where
Sname=
'李军'
)
|
45、查询所有选修“计算机导论”课程的“男”同学的成绩表。
|
1
|
select
Sno,Cno,degree
from
score
where
Cno=(
select
Cno
from
course
where
Cname=
'计算机导论'
)
and
Sno
in
(
select
Sno
from
student
where
Ssex=
'男'
)
|
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