QueryPerformanceCounter(&tima);
在 Windows Server 2003 和 WindowsXP 中使用 QueryPerformanceCounter 函数的程序可能执行不当
QueryPerformanceCounter 來精確計算執行時間
QueryPerformanceCounter 來精確計算執行時間
// 這個程式展示了如何使用QueryPerformanceCounter 來精確計算執行時間
//代码
- LARGE_INTEGER m_liPerfFreq={0};
- //获取每秒多少CPU Performance Tick
- QueryPerformanceFrequency(&m_liPerfFreq);
- LARGE_INTEGER m_liPerfStart={0};
- QueryPerformanceCounter(&m_liPerfStart);
- for(int i=0; i< 100; i++)
- cout << i << endl;
- LARGE_INTEGER liPerfNow={0};
- // 计算CPU运行到现在的时间
- QueryPerformanceCounter(&liPerfNow);
- int time=( ((liPerfNow.QuadPart - m_liPerfStart.QuadPart) * 1000)/m_liPerfFreq.QuadPart);
- char buffer[100];
- sprintf(buffer,"執行時間 %d millisecond ",time);
- cout<<buffer<<endl;
QueryPerformanceCounter()这个函数返回高精确度性能计数器的值,它可以以微妙为单位计时.但是QueryPerformanceCounter()确切的精确计时的最小单位是与系统有关的,所以,必须要查询系统以得到QueryPerformanceCounter()返回的嘀哒声的频率.
QueryPerformanceFrequency()提供了这个频率值,返回每秒嘀哒声的个数.
计算确切的时间是从第一次调用QueryPerformanceCounter()开始的
假设得到的LARGE_INTEGER为nStartCounter,过一段时间后再次调用该函数结束的,
设得到nStopCounter.
两者之差除以QueryPerformanceFrequency()的频率就是开始到结束之间的秒数.由于计时函数本身要耗费很少的时间,要减去一个很少的时间开销.但一般都把这个开销忽略.公式如下:
nStopCounter-nStartCounter
ElapsedTime=------------------------------------ - overhead
frequency
double time=(nStopCounter.QuadPart-nStartCounter.QuadPart)/frequency.QuadPart
这两个函数是VC提供的仅供Windows 95及其后续版本使用的精确时间函数,并要求计算机从硬件上支持精确定时器。
QueryPerformanceFrequency()函数和QueryPerformanceCounter()函数的原型如下:
BOOL QueryPerformanceFrequency(LARGE_INTEGER *lpFrequency); BOOL QueryPerformanceCounter(LARGE_INTEGER *lpCount);
数据类型LARGE_INTEGER既可以是一个8字节长的整型数,也可以是两个4字节长的整型数的联合结构,
typedef union _LARGE_INTEGER { struct { DWORD LowPart ;// 4字节整型数 LONG HighPart;// 4字节整型数 }; LONGLONG QuadPart ;// 8字节整型数 }LARGE_INTEGER ;
在进行定时之前,先调用QueryPerformanceFrequency()函数获得机器内部定时器的时钟频率,
- LARGE_INTEGER litmp;
- LONGLONG QPart1,QPart2;
- double dfMinus, dfFreq, dfTim;
- QueryPerformanceFrequency(&litmp);
- dfFreq = (double)litmp.QuadPart;// 获得计数器的时钟频率
- QueryPerformanceCounter(&litmp);
- QPart1 = litmp.QuadPart;// 获得初始值
- do
- {
- QueryPerformanceCounter(&litmp);
- QPart2 = litmp.QuadPart;//获得中止值
- dfMinus = (double)(QPart2-QPart1);
- dfTim = dfMinus / dfFreq;// 获得对应的时间值,单位为秒
- }while(dfTim<0.001);
其定时误差不超过1微秒,精度与CPU等机器配置有关。 下面的程序用来测试函数Sleep(100)的精确持续时间:
- LARGE_INTEGER litmp;
- LONGLONG QPart1,QPart2;
- double dfMinus, dfFreq, dfTim;
- QueryPerformanceFrequency(&litmp);
- dfFreq = (double)litmp.QuadPart;// 获得计数器的时钟频率
- QueryPerformanceCounter(&litmp);
- QPart1 = litmp.QuadPart;// 获得初始值
- Sleep(100);
- QueryPerformanceCounter(&litmp);
- QPart2 = litmp.QuadPart;//获得中止值
- dfMinus = (double)(QPart2-QPart1);
- dfTim = dfMinus / dfFreq;// 获得对应的时间值,单位为秒
由于Sleep()函数自身的误差,上述程序每次执行的结果都会有微小误差。下列代码实现1微秒的精确定时:
其定时误差一般不超过0.5微秒,精度与CPU等机器配置有关
linux C精确毫秒:
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
double difftimeval(const struct timeval *tv1, const struct timeval *tv2)
{
double d;
time_t s;
suseconds_t u;
s = tv1->tv_sec - tv2->tv_sec;
u = tv1->tv_usec - tv2->tv_usec;
if (u < 0)
--s;
d = s;
d *= 1000000.0;
d += u;
return d;
}
char * strftimeval(const struct timeval *tv, char *buf)
{
struct tm tm;
size_t len = 28;
localtime_r(&tv->tv_sec, &tm);
strftime(buf, len, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tm);
len = strlen(buf);
sprintf(buf + len, ".%06.6d", (int)(tv->tv_usec));
return buf;
}
char * getstimeval(char *buf)
{
struct timeval tv;
struct tm tm;
size_t len = 28;
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
localtime_r(&tv.tv_sec, &tm);
strftime(buf, len, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tm);
len = strlen(buf);
sprintf(buf + len, ".%06.6d", (int)(tv.tv_usec));
return buf;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char buf[28];
struct timeval tv1;
struct timeval tv2;
gettimeofday(&tv1, NULL);
printf("%s\n", getstimeval(buf));
gettimeofday(&tv2, NULL);
printf("%s\n", strftimeval(&tv1, buf));
printf("%s\n", strftimeval(&tv2, buf));
printf("%f\n", difftimeval(&tv2, &tv1));
return 0;
}
//另外一种方法
char Time[50];
char* MyLog::GetTime()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
SYSTEMTIME st;
GetLocalTime(&st);
sprintf(Time,"%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d",st.wYear, st.wMonth ,st.wDay,st.wHour ,st.wMinute,st.wSecond);
return Time;
#else
time_t timep;
struct tm *p;
time(&timep);
p=localtime(&timep); //get server's time
if(p==NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
//create specific datetime format
sprintf(Time,"%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d",p->tm_year+1900, p->tm_mon+1 ,p->tm_mday ,p->tm_hour ,p->tm_min,p->tm_sec);
return Time;
#endif
return 0;
}