主线程 Looper.loop() 死循环为何不会ANR

先看下 ActivityThread 中的这段代码：

而 loop() 方法中,存在一个死循环：

    public static void loop() {
        ...
        ...
        ...

        for (;;) {
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            if (msg == null) {
                // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
                return;
            }

            ...
            ...
            ...

        }
    }

如果 ActivityThread 中的 main() 方法没有 Looper.loop() 进行循环，那么 ActivityThread 运行完毕就会退出，相应的应用也就退出了。这就是这个死循环存在的必要性。

而ActivityThread 并不是一个Thread。而主线程就是从main 方法开始。在这个类中有个内部类 H，继承 Handler，内部有handleMessage 方法：

    class H extends Handler {
    
    ...
    ...
    ...

        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
            switch (msg.what) {
                case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
                    final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;

                    r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
                            r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
                    handleLaunchActivity(r, null, "LAUNCH_ACTIVITY");
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                } break;
                case RELAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityRestart");
                    ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord)msg.obj;
                    handleRelaunchActivity(r);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                } break;
                case PAUSE_ACTIVITY: {
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityPause");
                    SomeArgs args = (SomeArgs) msg.obj;
                    handlePauseActivity((IBinder) args.arg1, false,
                            (args.argi1 & USER_LEAVING) != 0, args.argi2,
                            (args.argi1 & DONT_REPORT) != 0, args.argi3);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                } break;
                case PAUSE_ACTIVITY_FINISHING: {
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityPause");
                    SomeArgs args = (SomeArgs) msg.obj;
                    handlePauseActivity((IBinder) args.arg1, true, (args.argi1 & USER_LEAVING) != 0,
                            args.argi2, (args.argi1 & DONT_REPORT) != 0, args.argi3);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                } break;
        ...
        ...
    }



    ...
    ...
    ...

}

在此方法中，有 handleLaunchActivity，handleRelaunchActivity，handlePauseActivity ... 等方法，是不是跟 Activity 的生命周期非常的相似呢？

选择其中一个 handlePauseActivity  方法来追：

    private void handlePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
            boolean userLeaving, int configChanges, boolean dontReport, int seq) {
        ActivityClientRecord r = mActivities.get(token);
        if (DEBUG_ORDER) Slog.d(TAG, "handlePauseActivity " + r + ", seq: " + seq);
        if (!checkAndUpdateLifecycleSeq(seq, r, "pauseActivity")) {
            return;
        }
        if (r != null) {
            //Slog.v(TAG, "userLeaving=" + userLeaving + " handling pause of " + r);
            if (userLeaving) {
                performUserLeavingActivity(r);
            }

            r.activity.mConfigChangeFlags |= configChanges;
            performPauseActivity(token, finished, r.isPreHoneycomb(), "handlePauseActivity");

            // Make sure any pending writes are now committed.
            if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) {
                QueuedWork.waitToFinish();
            }

            // Tell the activity manager we have paused.
            if (!dontReport) {
                try {
                    ActivityManager.getService().activityPaused(token);
                } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                    throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
                }
            }
            mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;
        }
    }

再看以下几个方法：

    final Bundle performPauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
            boolean saveState, String reason) {
        ActivityClientRecord r = mActivities.get(token);
        return r != null ? performPauseActivity(r, finished, saveState, reason) : null;
    }

    final Bundle performPauseActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, boolean finished,
            boolean saveState, String reason) {
        
        ...

        // Next have the activity save its current state and managed dialogs...
        if (!r.activity.mFinished && saveState) {
            callCallActivityOnSaveInstanceState(r);
        }

        performPauseActivityIfNeeded(r, reason);

        ...    
    }

    private void performPauseActivityIfNeeded(ActivityClientRecord r, String reason) {
        
        ...

        try {
            r.activity.mCalled = false;
            mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPause(r.activity);
        ...
    }

 从最后一个方法里面，调用了 mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPause(r.activity);

在类 Instrumentation 中的 callActivityOnPause 方法如下：

    /**
     * Perform calling of an activity's {@link Activity#onPause} method.  The
     * default implementation simply calls through to that method.
     * 
     * @param activity The activity being paused.
     */
    public void callActivityOnPause(Activity activity) {
        activity.performPause();
    }

Activity 类中的 performPause 方法如下：

    final void performPause() {
        mDoReportFullyDrawn = false;
        mFragments.dispatchPause();
        mCalled = false;
        onPause();
        writeEventLog(LOG_AM_ON_PAUSE_CALLED, "performPause");
        mResumed = false;
        if (!mCalled && getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion
                >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD) {
            throw new SuperNotCalledException(
                    "Activity " + mComponent.toShortString() +
                    " did not call through to super.onPause()");
        }
    }

在这里看到了熟悉的生命周期中的方法 onPause() 。由此可以看出 Activity的生命周期不过就是Looper 传递消息中的某一个消息而已，所以Looper中的死循环不仅不会造成ANR，反而 Activity 的生命周期还要靠 Looper 来执行。

总结：

（1）主线程由于死循环会一直不退出

（2）它处理事务不是在循环外

（3）它处理事务是在循环内完成的