最近没事看来一下mongoDB,貌似很牛逼的样子.因为他不像通常的关系型数据库那么多的约束.而且语法看上去和js一样.
mongod --dbpath C:\zhuyang\zhuyang\mongodb\mongodb\db ---insert db.person.insert({"name":"zhuyang","sex":"male") db.person.insert({"name":"hello","sex":"world"}) person = {"name":"nametest","sex":"sextest"} db.person.insert(person) ---find db.person.find() db.person.find({"name":"nametest"}) db.person.findOne() --update db.person.update({"name":"nametest"},{"sex":"testupdate"}) --remove db.person.remove({"name":"nametest"}) db.person.remove({"sex":"testupdate"}) --------------some command help ----see help doc db.help(); --to see some command of db level db.foo.help() ----help of collections to see the funcion implementation can use function name directly. eg: db.foo.update ---------insert to doc ------------- --insert one record db.foo.insert({"firstname":"zhu"}) --after this sentence , db will add another _id key(if doesnt defined) and save to doc.see below db.foo.insert({"lastname":"yang"}) db.foo.insert({"firstname":"chen"}) > db.foo.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("52ce585fe2e2fd0a66329ee3"), "firstname" : "zhu" } ------------batch insert use mongoimport file<4MB, need a field name _id -----------remove doc db.foo.remove() ---remove all db.foo.remove({"firstname":"chen"}) ---remove one record ------update doc ------ see below db.user.insert( { "firstname":"zhu", "lastname":"yang", "friends":32, "enemies":2 } ) CHANGE TO { "username":"zhuyang", "relation": { "friends":32, "enemies":2 } } var zhuyang = db.user.findOne({"firstname":"zhu"}) zhuyang.relation={ "friends":zhuyang.friends, "enemies":zhuyang.enemies } zhuyang.username="zhuyang" delete zhuyang.firstname delete zhuyang.lastname delete zhuyang.friends delete zhuyang.enemies db.user.update({"firstname":"zhu"},zhuyang) $set 修改器入门 db.user.insert( { "name":"joe", "age":30, "sex":"male", "location":"shanghai" } ) //想要添加一个新的字段favorite book //可用下面 2种办法 //1. 用update() var joe = db.user.findOne({"name":"joe"}) joe.favoritebook="java"; db.user.update({"name":"joe"},joe); //2. 使用修改器$set db.user.update( { "name":"joe" }, { "$set":{ "favoritebook":"c++" } } ) //也可以将favorite book改成一个数组 db.user.update( { "name":"joe" }, { "$set":{ "favoritebook":[ "c++","c##","perl" ] } } ) //使用$unset 去移除 db.user.update( { "name":"joe" }, { "$unset":{ "favoritebook":1 } } ) //使用$set 修改内嵌文档 db.blog.posts.insert({ "title":"java test", "content":"this is content", "author":{ "name":"sb", "mail":"hello@gmail.com" } } ) //修改作者名字为joe zhu db.blog.posts.update( { "author.name":"sb" }, { "$set": { "author.name":"joe zhu" } } ) //$inc 修改器用来增加已有键的值,或者在键不存在的时候创建 db.games.insert( { "game":"pinball", "user":"joe" } ) //如果小球碰到了砖块,就会给玩家加分.分数随便给,这里把玩家的基数分数设做50.使用$inc 给玩家加50 db.games.update( { "game":"pinball", "user":"joe" }, { "$inc":{ "score":50 } } ) //之前分数键是不存在的,所以用$inc创建了一个score键,并加量50 //如果小球落到指定位置,那么则加上1000分. db.games.update( { "game":"pinball", "user":"joe" }, { "$inc":{ "score":1000 } } ) //现在的分数变成了50+1000=1050了 //数组修改器 //如果指定的键已经存在,那么$push就会向已有的数组末尾加上一个元素,否则就会创建一个新的数组. db.blog.posts.findOne({"author.mail":"hello@gmail.com"}); { "_id" : ObjectId("52cf9f70cae129f46ff6fa5d"), "author" : { "mail" : "hello@gmail.com", "name" : "joe zhu" }, "content" : "this is content", "title" : "java test" } //比如现在要添加一个数组comments键.并发布一条评论: db.blog.posts.update( { "author.mail":"hello@gmail.com" }, { "$push":{ comments:{ "name":"zhu", "email":"zzzzzz5530041@gmail.com", "content":"nice one" } } } ); > db.blog.posts.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("52cf9f70cae129f46ff6fa5d"), "author" : { "mail" : "hello@gmail.com", "name" : "joe zhu" }, "comments" : [ { "name" : "zhu", "email" : "zzzzzz5530041@gmail.com", "content" : "nice one" } ], "content" : "this is content", "title" : "java test" } //如果还要添加一条评论 db.blog.posts.update( { "author.mail":"hello@gmail.com" }, { "$push":{ "comments":{ "name":"yang", "email":"ss@gmail.com", "content":"nice two" } } } ) db.blog.posts.findOne() "_id" : ObjectId("52cf9f70cae129f46ff6fa5d"), "author" : { "mail" : "hello@gmail.com", "name" : "joe zhu" }, "comments" : [ { "name" : "zhu", "email" : "zzzzzz5530041@gmail.com", "content" : "nice one" }, { "name" : "yang", "email" : "ss@gmail.com", "content" : "nice two" } ], "content" : "this is content", "title" : "java test" 使用$addToSet添加新的数组元素 db.blog.posts.update( { "author.mail":"hello@gmail.com" }, { "$addToSet":{ "comments":{ "name":"yang1", "email":"ss@hot.com", "content":"nice 3" } } } ) 使用$addToSet和$each添加多个元素 db.user.update( { "_id":ObjectId("52cf9c6dcae129f46ff6fa5c") }, { "$addToSet":{ "favoritebook":{ "$each":[ "javascript", "mongo in action" ] } } } ) //有几个从数组中删除元素的方法,如果把数组看作是一个栈或者队列.可以用$pop ,这个修改器可以从数组任何一端进行删除{$pop:{key:1}}从数组末端删除1个元素,{$pop:{key:-1}}从数组头删除1个元素 db.lists.insert( { "todo":[ "dishes", "laundry", "dry cleaning" ] } ) db.lists.update( { "_id":ObjectId("52cfac11cae129f46ff6fa5f") }, { "$pop":{ "todo":-1 } } ) //有时基于特定条件来进行删除,而不是依据位置,"$pull"可以做到 db.lists.update( { "_id":ObjectId("52cfad13cae129f46ff6fa60") }, { "$pull":{ "todo":"laundry" } } ) //数组的定位修改器 //若是数数组有多个值,而我们只想对其中一部分做修改.通过位置或者定位操作符$ //数组都是从0开始的,我们可以通过下表进行访问元素 > db.blog.posts.findOne() { "_id" : ObjectId("52cfae34cae129f46ff6fa61"), "author" : { "name" : "sb", "mail" : "hello@gmail.com" }, "comments" : [ { "name" : "yang", "email" : "ss@gmail.com", "content" : "nice two", "vote" : 5 }, { "name" : "yang1", "email" : "ss@gmail.com", "content" : "nice 1", "vote" : 6 } ], "content" : "this is content", "title" : "java test" } //如果想要增加其中一个元素的投票数 db.blog.posts.update( { "_id": ObjectId("52cfae34cae129f46ff6fa61") }, { "$inc":{//这里的$inc用来做增加,也就是说vote数量将会在原有基础上增加100 "comments.0.vote":100//comments.0第1个元素 } } ) //但是在很多情况下我们并不知道每一个元素的下标,这样就不能通过位置来操作, 而是用$来操作 db.blog.posts.update( { "comments.name": "yang" //若有多个匹配,则只会操作一个 }, { "$set":{//直接设值 "comments.$.vote":300 } } ) //upsert 是一种特殊的更新方式,如果没文档符合更新条件,那么就会以这个条件和更新数据创建一个新的文档 db.user.update( { "edu":"gaozhong"//文档中没有edu==gaozhong }, { "$set":{ "age":100 } }, true//true表名这是一个upsert方式的更新 ) db.user.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("52cfb32dedd18a0edc7db7b0"), "age" : 100, "edu" : "gaozhong" }