1、思路及注意事项
概括起来有几种情况
1)字符串开头是“+”号或“-”号的处理
2)非法字符的判断(不是数字)
3)整数溢出问题。
看看Java函数库中的Integer.parseInt(String sting)的源码如何处理这些问题的。
/**
* Parses the specified string as a signed decimal integer value. The ASCII
* character \u002d ('-') is recognized as the minus sign.
*
* @param string
* the string representation of an integer value.
* @return the primitive integer value represented by {@code string}.
* @throws NumberFormatException
* if {@code string} cannot be parsed as an integer value.
*/
public static int parseInt(String string) throws NumberFormatException {
return parseInt(string, 10);
}
/**
* Parses the specified string as a signed integer value using the specified
* radix. The ASCII character \u002d ('-') is recognized as the minus sign.
*
* @param string
* the string representation of an integer value.
* @param radix
* the radix to use when parsing.
* @return the primitive integer value represented by {@code string} using
* {@code radix}.
* @throws NumberFormatException
* if {@code string} cannot be parsed as an integer value,
* or {@code radix < Character.MIN_RADIX ||
* radix > Character.MAX_RADIX}.
*/
public static int parseInt(String string, int radix) throws NumberFormatException {
if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX || radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) {
throw new NumberFormatException("Invalid radix: " + radix);
}
if (string == null) {
throw invalidInt(string);
}
int length = string.length(), i = 0;
if (length == 0) {
throw invalidInt(string);
}
boolean negative = string.charAt(i) == '-';
if (negative && ++i == length) {
throw invalidInt(string);
}
return parse(string, i, radix, negative);
}
private static int parse(String string, int offset, int radix, boolean negative) throws NumberFormatException {
int max = Integer.MIN_VALUE / radix;
int result = 0, length = string.length();
while (offset < length) {
int digit = Character.digit(string.charAt(offset++), radix);
if (digit == -1) {
throw invalidInt(string);
}
if (max > result) {
throw invalidInt(string);
}
int next = result * radix - digit;
if (next > result) {
throw invalidInt(string);
}
result = next;
}
if (!negative) {
result = -result;
if (result < 0) {
throw invalidInt(string);
}
}
return result;
}
parseInt(String string, int radix)判断了
1)radix进制超出范围(
Character.
MIN_RADIX
=
2,
Character.
MAX_RADIX
)=36)
2)字符串为null
3)字符串长度为空
4)字符串第一位为“-”且只有一位
没有异常之后进行parse(String string, int offset, int radix, boolean negative)判断,参数即字符串,偏移量,进制,negative(如果开头没有“-”则offset=0,negative=false,否则为offset=1,neagtive=true)
在parse(String string, int offset, int radix, boolean negative)主要进行了溢出的判断。利用offset++来控制移动, 在while (offset < length) 循环中直到倒数第二位的时候,如果已经小于 max = Integer.MIN_VALUE / radix的话表明一定会溢出。例如"-2147483648"
倒数第二位的时候
:result=-214748364,max=-214748364,max>result不成立表明可以进行最后一位的处理。
这里为什么不先求得当前的结果再同Integer.MIN_VALUE比较?而是先同Integer.MIN_VALUE / radix比较再决定是否进行下一位的添加?不言而喻。
2、参考源码实
现字符串转化为整数
public class StringToIntTest {
/**
* @author 曹艳丰 北京大学
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
try {
System.out.println(parseInt("cao21'''474fefda8364fe7"));
System.out.println(parseInt("-2147483648"));
System.out.println(parseInt("-2147483651"));
System.out.println(parseInt("-2147483648"));
System.out.println(parseInt("-21474836410"));
} catch (MyException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static int parseInt(String string) throws MyException {
/* 异常情况1:字符串为null */
if (string == null) {
throw new MyException("字符串为null!");
}
int length = string.length(), offset = 0;
/* 异常情况2:字符串长度为0 */
if (length == 0) {
throw new MyException("字符串长度为0!");
}
boolean negative = string.charAt(offset) == '-';
/* 异常情况3:字符串为'-' */
if (negative && ++offset == length) {
throw new MyException("字符串为:'-'!");
}
int result = 0;
char[] temp = string.toCharArray();
while (offset < length) {
char digit = temp[offset++];
if (digit <= '9' && digit >= '0') {
int currentDigit = digit - '0';
/*
* 异常情况4:已经等于Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10,判断要添加的最后一位的情况:
* 如果是负数的话,最后一位最大是8 如果是正数的话最后一位最大是7
*/
if (result == Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10) {
if ((negative == false && currentDigit > 7)
|| (negative && currentDigit > 8)) {
throw new MyException("溢出!");
}
/*
* 异常情况5:已经大于Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10
* 无论最后一位是什么都会超过Integer.MAX_VALUE
*/
} else if (result > Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10) {
throw new MyException("溢出!");
}
int next = result * 10 + currentDigit;
result = next;
}
}
if (negative) {
result = -result;
}
return result;
}
}
/* 自定义异常 */
class MyException extends Exception {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1749149488419303367L;
String message;
public MyException(String message) {
// TODO 自动生成的构造函数存根
this.message = message;
}
@Override
public String getMessage() {
// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
return message;
}
}
****************************
“如果是负数的话,最后一位最大是8 如果是正数的话最后一位最大是7”可以用Integer.MIN_VALUE%10和Integer.MAX_VALUE%10来求。