List集合类
以一个学生选课系统为例,实现集合类List的增删改查
首先定义课程类Course,有属性id和name
然后实例化List类,使用ArrayList()方法
public List coursesToSelect;
public ListTest(){
this.coursesToSelect = new ArrayList();
}
增(四种方法)
Course cr1 = new Course("1 ","数据结构");
Course[] course = {new Course("3 ","离散数学"),
new Course("4 ","汇编语言"),
};
coursesToSelect.add(cr1);
coursesToSelect.add(0,cr1);
coursesToSelect.addAll(Arrays.asList(course));
coursesToSelect.addAll(2,Arrays.asList(course2));
//对象放入集合后自动成object类型,所以取得时要重新强制转化成源类型
Course temp = (Course)coursesToSelect.get(0);
System.out.println("添加的课程是:" + temp.id + temp.name);
查(三种方法)
//循环遍历
public void testGet(){
System.out.println("有如下课程可选:(普通循环实现)");
int size = coursesToSelect.size();
for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i++){
Course cr = (Course)coursesToSelect.get(i);
System.out.println("课程是:" + cr.id + "." + cr.name);
}
}
//迭代器遍历
public void testIterator(){
Iterator it = coursesToSelect.iterator();
System.out.println("有如下课程可选:(迭代器实现)");
while(it.hasNext()){
Course cr = (Course)it.next();
System.out.println("课程是:" + cr.id + "." + cr.name);
}
}
//for each循环遍历
public void testForEach(){
System.out.println("有如下课程可选:(for each实现)");
for(Object obj : coursesToSelect){
Course cr = (Course)obj;
System.out.println("课程是:" + cr.id + "." + cr.name);
}
}
改
coursesToSelect.set(4,new Course("7","毛概"));
删(三种)
coursesToSelect.remove(cr);//第一种,删对象
coursesToSelect.remove(4);//第二种,删位置
coursesToSelect.removeAll(Arrays.asList(cr1));//第三种,删多个
判断是否包含某个元素
//contains()方法,若存在返回true,不存在返回false
//indexOf()方法,若存在返回元素的位置,若不存在返回-1
if(coursesToSelect.contains(course2)){
System.out.println("这个课程" + course2.name + "的索引位置为:" + coursesToSelect.indexOf(course2));
}
//这里需要重写equal方法和hashCode方法
//为什么?因为contains方法 实际是调用equal方法 来比较的,如果不重写,只要是两个不同的对象,都会返回false
//Course类里重写
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if(this == obj){
return true;
}
if(obj == null){
return false;
}
if(!(obj instanceof Course)){
return false;
}
Course course = (Course)obj;
if(this.name == null){
if(course.name == null){
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
else{
if(this.name.equals(course.name))
return true;
else
return false;
}
}
泛型集合
实例化(List类–>ArrayList() 或者Set类–>HashSet()
public List<Course> courses;
//public Set<Course> courses;
public TestGeneric(){
this.courses = new ArrayList<Course>();
//this.courses = new HashSet<Course>();
}
增
//不能添加除Course之外的其他类型
Course cr1 = new Course("1 ","语文");
courses.add(cr1);
//courses.add("nishisshui");报错
查
//遍历时不用类型转换
for(Course cr : courses){
System.out.println("课程是:" + cr.id + "." + cr.name);
}
改
//泛型可以使用子类型
public class ChildCourse extends Course {
}
ChildCourse ccr = new ChildCourse();
courses.add(ccr);
//泛型不能使用基本类型,需用包装类
//List<int> list = new ArrayList<int>();报错
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
list.add(1);//添加成功,自动类型转换
排序(sort()方法)
List<Integer> integerList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Collections.sort(integerList);
随机产生10个字符串(长度小于10),字符可重复,字符串不可重复
(课后小作业)
List<String> stringList = new ArrayList<String>();
String chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
Random random = new Random();
for(int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++){
String st = new String("");
int a = random.nextInt(9)+1;
for(int j = 0 ; j < a ; j++){
char c = chars.charAt(random.nextInt(62));
st = st + c;
//System.out.println(st);
}
while(stringList.contains(st) == false){
System.out.println("将要添加字符串:" + st);
stringList.add(st);
}
}
System.out.println("******排序前*****");
for(String string : stringList)
System.out.println("元素" + string);
Collections.sort(stringList);
System.out.println("******排序后*****");
for(String string : stringList)
System.out.println("元素" + string);
给集合(Student序列)排序(两种方法)
第一种:Comparable接口:默认比较规则
必须实现compareTo()方法
List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<Student>();
Collections.sort(studentList);
//这里Student类必须实现Comparable接口
public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {
...
@Override
public int compareTo(Student o) {
// 默认使用学生的id排序
return this.id.compareTo(o.id);
}
}
第二种:Comparator接口:临时比较规则
必须实现compare()方法
List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<Student>();
Collections.sort(studentList, new StudentComparator());
public class StudentComparator implements Comparator<Student> {
...
@Override
public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
// 这里规定按照学生姓名排序
return o1.name.compareTo(o2.name);
}
}
Map集合类
以一个学生选课系统为例,实现Map集合类的增删改查
首先定义学生类Student,有属性id和name
然后实例化Map类,是一组键值对
public Map<String,Student> students;
public MapTest(){
this.students = new HashMap<String,Student>();
}
增
//首先判断要添加的id是否存在,用get方法,存在返回 键值,不存在返回 空对象
Student st = students.get(ID);
//若id不重复,用put方法,添加
students.put(ID,newStudent);
查
//返回所有键值
Set<String> keySet = students.keySet();
System.out.println("总共有" + students.size() + "个学生");
for(String stuId : keySet){
Student st = students.get(stuId);
if(st != null)
System.out.println("学生" + st.name);
}
//返回所有键值对
Set<Entry<String,Student>> entryset = students.entrySet();
for(Entry<String,Student> entry : entryset){
System.out.println("键值:" + entry.getKey());
System.out.println("对应的值:" + entry.getValue().name);
}
删
students.remove(ID);
改
Student newStudent = new Student(newId,newName);
students.put(stuId, newStudent);
是否存在某个键值
if(students.containsKey(id)){
System.out.println("对应的姓名是:" + students.get(id).name);
}
if(students.containsValue(new Student(null,name))){
System.out.println("学生存在!:" + name);
}
//因为使用了contains,这里也需要重写equal方法和hashCode方法
//在Student类中重写