MQTT 协议
客户机较小并且 MQTT 协议 高效地使用网络带宽,在这个意义上,其为轻量级。MQTT 协议支持可靠的传送和即发即弃的传输。 在此协议中,消息传送与应用程序脱离。 脱离应用程序的程度取决于写入 MQTT 客户机和 MQTT 服务器的方式。脱离式传送能够将应用程序从任何服务器连接和等待消息中解脱出来。 交互模式与电子邮件相似,但在应用程序编程方面进行了优化。
MQTT服务器搭建
下载完成后,进入bin文件夹,输入
apollo.cmd create XXX
创建一个服务器实例
bin目录下会出现一个XXX文件夹
输入提示的命令即可启动服务器
在浏览器输入 http://127.0.0.1:61680/console/index.html 进入管理平台,用户名admin,密码password
MQTT Android端具体实现
需要引入两个包
https://repo.eclipse.org/content/repositories/paho-releases/org/eclipse/paho/org.eclipse.paho.android.service/1.1.0/org.eclipse.paho.android.service-1.1.0.jar
https://repo.eclipse.org/content/repositories/paho-releases/org/eclipse/paho/org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3/1.1.0/org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3-1.1.0.jar
Service代码
package com.halfopen.h.cislsign.service;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.net.NetworkInfo;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;
import org.eclipse.paho.android.service.MqttAndroidClient;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.IMqttActionListener;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.IMqttDeliveryToken;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.IMqttToken;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttCallback;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttException;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage;
/**
* Created by h on 2017/7/24.
*/
public class MQTTService extends Service {
public static final String TAG = MQTTService.class.getSimpleName();
private static MqttAndroidClient client;
private MqttConnectOptions conOpt;
// private String host = "tcp://10.0.2.2:61613";
private String host = "tcp://192.168.191.1:61613";
private String userName = "admin";
private String passWord = "password";
private static String myTopic = "topic";
private String clientId = "test";
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
init();
Log.d("flag--","onStartCommand(MQTTService.java:41)-->>"+"MQTT service 启动");
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
public static void publish(String msg){
String topic = myTopic;
Integer qos = 0;
Boolean retained = false;
try {
client.publish(topic, msg.getBytes(), qos.intValue(), retained.booleanValue());
} catch (MqttException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void init() {
// 服务器地址(协议+地址+端口号)
String uri = host;
client = new MqttAndroidClient(this, uri, clientId);
// 设置MQTT监听并且接受消息
client.setCallback(mqttCallback);
conOpt = new MqttConnectOptions();
// 清除缓存
conOpt.setCleanSession(true);
// 设置超时时间,单位:秒
conOpt.setConnectionTimeout(10);
// 心跳包发送间隔,单位:秒
conOpt.setKeepAliveInterval(20);
// 用户名
conOpt.setUserName(userName);
// 密码
conOpt.setPassword(passWord.toCharArray());
// last will message
boolean doConnect = true;
String message = "{\"terminal_uid\":\"" + clientId + "\"}";
String topic = myTopic;
Integer qos = 0;
Boolean retained = false;
if ((!message.equals("")) || (!topic.equals(""))) {
// 最后的遗嘱
try {
conOpt.setWill(topic, message.getBytes(), qos.intValue(), retained.booleanValue());
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.i(TAG, "Exception Occured", e);
doConnect = false;
iMqttActionListener.onFailure(null, e);
}
}
if (doConnect) {
doClientConnection();
}
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
try {
client.disconnect();
} catch (MqttException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
super.onDestroy();
}
/** 连接MQTT服务器 */
private void doClientConnection() {
if (!client.isConnected() && isConnectIsNomarl()) {
try {
client.connect(conOpt, null, iMqttActionListener);
} catch (MqttException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
// MQTT是否连接成功
private IMqttActionListener iMqttActionListener = new IMqttActionListener() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(IMqttToken arg0) {
Log.i(TAG, "连接成功 ");
try {
// 订阅myTopic话题
client.subscribe(myTopic,1);
} catch (MqttException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(IMqttToken arg0, Throwable arg1) {
arg1.printStackTrace();
// 连接失败,重连
}
};
// MQTT监听并且接受消息
private MqttCallback mqttCallback = new MqttCallback() {
@Override
public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) throws Exception {
String str = new String(message.getPayload());
if (str != null && !str.equals("")) {
Log.d("flag--","messageArrived(MQTTService.java:148)-->>"+str);
}
}
@Override
public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken arg0) {
}
@Override
public void connectionLost(Throwable arg0) {
// 失去连接,重连
}
};
/** 判断网络是否连接 */
private boolean isConnectIsNomarl() {
ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager) this.getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
NetworkInfo info = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
if (info != null && info.isAvailable()) {
String name = info.getTypeName();
Log.i(TAG, "MQTT当前网络名称:" + name);
return true;
} else {
Log.i(TAG, "MQTT 没有可用网络");
return false;
}
}
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
}
可以看出,这段代码订阅了一个名为”topic”的话题
启动安卓客户端之后,我们可以在服务器管理平台上看到当前安卓端
消息推送
只要public相同话题的消息,安卓端就可以受到这个推送消息。
这里使用mosquitto来发布消息。
linux版本的安装比较容易,因此这里采用在win10的linux子系统中安装
安装mosquitto
1. 下载源代码包
http://mosquitto.org/files/source/mosquitto-1.4.5.tar.gz
2. 进入目录
cd mosquitto-1.4.5
3. 编译
make
4. 安装
sudo make install
安装注意点
【1】编译找不到openssl/ssl.h
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
【2】编译过程找不到ares.h
sudo apt-get install libc-ares-dev
【3】编译过程找不到uuid/uuid.h
sudo apt-get install uuid-dev
【4】使用过程中找不到libmosquitto.so.1
error while loading shared libraries: libmosquitto.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
修改libmosquitto.so位置
1. 创建链接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmosquitto.so.1 /usr/lib/libmosquitto.so.1
2. 更新动态链接库
sudo ldconfig
【5】make: g++:命令未找到
sudo apt-get install g++