MongoDB 基本使用

数据库基本操作

连接到mongoDB服务器 

1	. /bin/mongo  127.0.0.1:12345

查看当前数据库

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> show dbs admin  (empty) local   0.078G

却换数据库(如果不存在会自动创建)

1 2	> use jerome switched to db jerome

删除数据库

1 2	> db.dropDatabase() {  "dropped"  :  "jerome" ,  "ok"  : 1 }

删除表

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> > show tables jerome_collection jerome_coolection system.indexes > db.jerome_collection.drop() true > show tables #删除了当前表了 jerome_coolection system.indexes >

写入

1 2	> db.jerome_collection.insert({x:1}) #集合数据的写入，格式为JSON WriteResult({  "nInserted"  : 1 })

查询

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> show dbs admin   (empty) jerome  0.078GB local    0.078GB > show collections jerome_collection system.indexes > db.jerome_collection. find () {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556fd29a4e8b96c5ebc42e63" ),  "x"  : 1 } > db.jerome_collection. find ({x:1})     #可以指定参数 {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556fd29a4e8b96c5ebc42e63" ),  "x"  : 1 } #_id是全局字段，在数据库中不会重复

插入多条数据测试limit等

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>  for (i=3;i<100;i++)db.jerome_collection.insert({x:i}) #可以使用js语法 WriteResult({  "nInserted"  : 1 }) > db.jerome_collection. find ().count() #查找总条数 99 > db.jerome_collection. find ().skip(3).limit(2). sort ({x:1}) #跳过前三条，取两条，使用x排序 {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ff5e8d7e60a53de941a74" ),  "x"  : 4 } {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ff5e8d7e60a53de941a75" ),  "x"  : 5 } >

更新

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> db.jerome_collection. find ({x:1}) {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556fd29a4e8b96c5ebc42e63" ),  "x"  : 1 } > db.jerome_collection.update({x:1},{x:999}) #两个参数，一个查找的，一个更新的数据。 WriteResult({  "nMatched"  : 1,  "nUpserted"  : 0,  "nModified"  : 1 }) > db.jerome_collection. find ({x:1}) #已经找不到了 > db.jerome_collection. find ({x:999})  {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556fd29a4e8b96c5ebc42e63" ),  "x"  : 999 } >

 

部分更新操作符（set  ）

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> db.jerome_collection.insert({x:100,y:100,z:100}) WriteResult({  "nInserted"  : 1 }) > db.jerome_collection.update({z:100},{$set:{y:99}}) WriteResult({  "nMatched"  : 1,  "nUpserted"  : 0,  "nModified"  : 1 }) > db.jerome_collection. find ({z:100}) {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ff84a1c99195ded71252e" ),  "x"  : 100,  "y"  : 99,  "z"  : 100 } >

更新不存在数据时会自动创建

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> db.jerome_collection. find ({y:100}) > db.jerome_collection.update({y:100},{y:999},true) WriteResult({      "nMatched"  : 0,      "nUpserted"  : 1,      "nModified"  : 0,      "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ff9556db7cf8009b5edf8" ) }) > db.jerome_collection. find ({y:999}) {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ff9556db7cf8009b5edf8" ),  "y"  : 999 }

更新多条数据

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>  for (i=0;i<3;i++)db.jerome_collection.insert({c:2}) #插入三条 WriteResult({  "nInserted"  : 1 }) > db.jerome_collection. find ({c:2})  {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded71252f" ),  "c"  : 2 } {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded712530" ),  "c"  : 2 } {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded712531" ),  "c"  : 2 } > db.jerome_collection.update({c:2},{c:3}) #更新 WriteResult({  "nMatched"  : 1,  "nUpserted"  : 0,  "nModified"  : 1 }) > db.jerome_collection. find ({c:2}) {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded712530" ),  "c"  : 2 } {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded712531" ),  "c"  : 2 } > db.jerome_collection. find ({c:3}) #发现只更新一条，是为了防止误操作 {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded71252f" ),  "c"  : 3 } > db.jerome_collection.update({c:2},{$set:{c:3}},false,true) #更新多条 WriteResult({  "nMatched"  : 2,  "nUpserted"  : 0,  "nModified"  : 2 }) > db.jerome_collection. find ({c:2}) > db.jerome_collection. find ({c:3}) {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded71252f" ),  "c"  : 3 } {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded712530" ),  "c"  : 3 } {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded712531" ),  "c"  : 3 }

删除

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> db.jerome_collection. find ({c:3}) {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded71252f" ),  "c"  : 3 } {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded712530" ),  "c"  : 3 } {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded712531" ),  "c"  : 3 } > db.jerome_collection.remove() #不可用 2015-06-04T00:15:34.444-0700 remove needs a query at src /mongo/shell/collection .js:299 > db.jerome_collection. find ({c:3}) {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded71252f" ),  "c"  : 3 } {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded712530" ),  "c"  : 3 } {  "_id"  : ObjectId( "556ffa011c99195ded712531" ),  "c"  : 3 } > db.jerome_collection.remove({c:3}) #删除必须要有参数 WriteResult({  "nRemoved"  : 3 }) > db.jerome_collection. find ({c:3}) #删除成功 >

索引

        数据较多时，使用索引速度加快查询。

        查看集合索引情况

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>  for (i=0;i<100;i++)db.jerome_collection.insert({x:i}) #添加测试数据 WriteResult({  "nInserted"  : 1 }) > db.jerome_collection.getIndexes() #只有一个默认索引 [      {          "v"  : 1,          "key"  : {              "_id"  : 1          },          "name"  :  "_id_" ,          "ns"  :  "jerome.jerome_collection"      } ] >

        创建索引

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>  db.jerome_collection.ensureIndex({x:1}) #1代表正向排序，-1代表反向排序 {      "createdCollectionAutomatically"  :  false ,      "numIndexesBefore"  : 1,      "numIndexesAfter"  : 2,      "ok"  : 1 } > db.jerome_collection.getIndexes() [      {          "v"  : 1,          "key"  : {              "_id"  : 1          },          "name"  :  "_id_" ,          "ns"  :  "jerome.jerome_collection"      },      {          "v"  : 1,          "key"  : {              "x"  : 1          },          "name"  :  "x_1" ,          "ns"  :  "jerome.jerome_collection"      } ] >

        索引虽然会使写入的数度变慢，但是查询的速度变快了。