鸟哥的linux私房菜学习笔记《三十四》RAID上构建LVM

1. 情景设置：
   由于 LVM 可以弹性调整 filesystem 的大小，但是缺点是可能没有加速与
   硬件备份（与快照不同）的功能。 而磁盘阵列则具有性能与备份的功能，但是无法提供类似 LVM 的优点。在此情境中，我们想利用“在 RAID 上面创建 LVM”的功能，以达到两者兼顾的能力。
   （1）目标：测试在 RAID 磁盘上面架构 LVM 系统；
   （2）需求：需要具有磁盘管理的能力，包括 RAID 与 LVM；
   （3）前提：会用到本章创建出来的 /dev/vda5, /dev/vda6, /dev/vda7 三个分区！ 那要如何处理呢？如下的流程一个步骤一个步骤的实施看看吧：

2. 步骤：
   （1）利用umount先卸载之前挂载的文件系统
   （2）修改/etc/fstab里面的数据，让开机不会自动挂载
   （3）利用fdisk将该分区挂载

   
   # 格式化系统：
   
   [root@CentOS ~]# df -h
   Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
   /dev/sda2       9.9G  7.8G  1.6G  84% /
   tmpfs           504M   84K  504M   1% /dev/shm
   /dev/sda1       194M   28M  157M  15% /boot
   /dev/sda3       9.9G  1.5G  7.9G  16% /home
   [root@CentOS ~]# cat /etc/fstab
   [root@CentOS ~]# fdisk -l
      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
   /dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
   Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
   /dev/sda2              26        1332    10485760   83  Linux
   /dev/sda3            1332        2637    10485760   83  Linux
   /dev/sda4            2637       10444    62708736    5  Extended
   /dev/sda5            2637        2768     1048576   82  Linux swap / Solaris
   

   
   # 新建RAID要求给虚拟机添加5个20G磁盘，且具有一个spare disk：
   
   [root@CentOS ~]# fdisk -l
   
   Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
   255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
   Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disk identifier: 0x00017e60
   
      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
   /dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
   Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
   /dev/sda2              26        1332    10485760   83  Linux
   /dev/sda3            1332        2637    10485760   83  Linux
   /dev/sda4            2637       10444    62708736    5  Extended
   /dev/sda5            2637        2768     1048576   82  Linux swap / Solaris
   
   Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
   255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
   Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disk identifier: 0x00000000
   ........
   
   # 发现磁盘/dev/sda~/dev/sdh
   
   ........
   Disk /dev/sdh: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
   255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
   Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disk identifier: 0x00000000
   
   
   # 新建RAID：
   
   [root@CentOS ~]# mdadm --create --auto=yes /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-device=4 --spare-device=1 /dev/sd{b,c,d,e,f}
   mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
   mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
   

   
   # 开始处理LVM（假设所有参数使用默认值）
   
   [root@CentOS ~]# pvcreate /dev/md0  #新建PV
     Physical volume "/dev/md0" successfully created
   [root@CentOS ~]# vgcreate raidvg /dev/md0  #新建VG
     Volume group "raidvg" successfully created
   [root@CentOS ~]# lvcreate -L 3G -n raidlv raidvg  #新建LM
     Logical volume "raidlv" created
   [root@CentOS ~]# lvdisplay  #显示LV详细信息
     --- Logical volume ---
     LV Path                /dev/raidvg/raidlv
     LV Name                raidlv
     VG Name                raidvg
     LV UUID                DIxGkV-mVrb-NjlX-wGm0-pp1K-9Ebz-rsGV02
     LV Write Access        read/write
     LV Creation host, time CentOS, 2017-03-19 06:44:02 -0400
     LV Status              available
     # open                 0
     LV Size                3.00 GiB
     Current LE             768
     Segments               1
     Allocation             inherit
     Read ahead sectors     auto
     - currently set to     6144
     Block device           253:0
   

   
   # 新建为ext4文件系统，挂载到/mnt/raidlvm上：
   
   [root@CentOS ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/raidvg/raidlv 
   mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
   Filesystem label=
   OS type: Linux
   Block size=4096 (log=2)
   Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
   Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=384 blocks
   196608 inodes, 786432 blocks
   39321 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
   First data block=0
   Maximum filesystem blocks=805306368
   24 block groups
   32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
   8192 inodes per group
   Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
       32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
   
   Writing inode tables: done                            
   Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
   Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
   
   This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
   180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
   [root@CentOS ~]# mkdir /mnt/raidlvm
   [root@CentOS ~]# mount /dev/raidvg/raidlv /mnt/raidlvm/
   

   上述环境可以实现RAID热插拔，LVM放大缩小等

   
   # 删除环境，停止服务
   
   [root@CentOS ~]# umount /mnt/raidlvm/
   [root@CentOS ~]# lvremove /dev/raidvg/raidlv 
   Do you really want to remove active logical volume raidlv? [y/n]: y
     Logical volume "raidlv" successfully removed
   [root@CentOS ~]# vgchange -a n raidvg
     0 logical volume(s) in volume group "raidvg" now active
   [root@CentOS ~]# vgremove raidvg
     Volume group "raidvg" successfully removed
   [root@CentOS ~]# pvremove /dev/md0
     Labels on physical volume "/dev/md0" successfully wiped
   [root@CentOS ~]# mdadm --stop /dev/md0
   mdadm: stopped /dev/md0