Problem Description
Many years ago , in Teddy’s hometown there was a man who was called “Bone Collector”. This man like to collect varies of bones , such as dog’s , cow’s , also he went to the grave …
The bone collector had a big bag with a volume of V ,and along his trip of collecting there are a lot of bones , obviously , different bone has different value and different volume, now given the each bone’s value along his trip , can you calculate out the maximum of the total value the bone collector can get ?
The bone collector had a big bag with a volume of V ,and along his trip of collecting there are a lot of bones , obviously , different bone has different value and different volume, now given the each bone’s value along his trip , can you calculate out the maximum of the total value the bone collector can get ?
Input
The first line contain a integer T , the number of cases.
Followed by T cases , each case three lines , the first line contain two integer N , V, (N <= 1000 , V <= 1000 )representing the number of bones and the volume of his bag. And the second line contain N integers representing the value of each bone. The third line contain N integers representing the volume of each bone.
Followed by T cases , each case three lines , the first line contain two integer N , V, (N <= 1000 , V <= 1000 )representing the number of bones and the volume of his bag. And the second line contain N integers representing the value of each bone. The third line contain N integers representing the volume of each bone.
Output
One integer per line representing the maximum of the total value (this number will be less than 2
31).
Sample Input
1 5 10 1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1
Sample Output
14用子问题定义状态:即dp[i][v]表示前i件物品恰放入一个容量为v的背包可以获得的最大价值。则其状态转移方程便是: dp[i][v]=max{dp[i-1][v],dp[i-1][v-vi[i]]+val[i]} 这个方程非常重要,基本上所有跟背包相关的问题的方程都是由它衍生出来的。所以有必要将它详细解释一下: “将前i件物品放入容量为v的背包中”这个子问题 若只考虑第i件物品的策略(放或不放),那么就可以转化为一个只牵扯前i-1件物品的问题。 如果不放第i件物品,那么问题就转化为“前i-1件物品放入容量为v的背包中”,价值为dp[i-1][v]; 如果放第i件物品,那么问题就转化为“前i-1件物品放入剩下的容量为v-vi[i]的背包中”,此时能获得的最大价值就是dp[i-1][v-vi[i]]再加上通过放入第i件物品获得的价值val[i]。下面是对上面的优化#include<cstdio> #include<cstring> #include<algorithm> using namespace std; int dp[1000][1001]; int vi[10001]; int val[10001]; int main() { int t; scanf("%d",&t); while(t--) { int n,v; scanf("%d%d",&n,&v); for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) { scanf("%d",&val[i]); } for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) { scanf("%d",&vi[i]); } dp[0][0]=0; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) { for(int j=0;j<=v;j++) { if(vi[i]<=j) dp[i][j]=max(dp[i-1][j],dp[i-1][j-vi[i]]+val[i]);//放入第i个物品 else dp[i][j]=dp[i-1][j]; } } printf("%d\n",dp[n][v]); } return 0; }
我们可以用一维数组来代替二维数组dp[i][v]是由dp[i-1][v]和dp[i-1][v-vi[i]]两个子问题递推而来,为了保证在推dp[i][v]时(也即在第i次主循环中推dp[v]时)能够得到dp[i-1][v]和dp[i-1][v-vi[i]]的值 可以在每次i主循环中以v——>0求出dp[v]状态转移方程:dp[v]=max(dp[v],dp[v-vi[i]+val[i]);注意:这种解法只能由V--0,不能反过来,如果反过来就会造成物品重复放置!
#include<cstdio> #include<cstring> #include<algorithm> using namespace std; int dp[1000]; int vi[10001]; int val[10001]; int main() { int t; scanf("%d",&t); while(t--) { memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp)); int n,v; scanf("%d%d",&n,&v); for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) { scanf("%d",&val[i]); } for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) { scanf("%d",&vi[i]); } dp[0]=0; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) { for(int j=v;j>=vi[i];j--) { dp[j]=max(dp[j],dp[j-vi[i]]+val[i]); } } printf("%d\n",dp[v]); } return 0; }